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Abstract

I. Introduction … A. Background … B. The Facts of Kaiser Aetna

II. The Kaiser Aetna Decision

III. Analysis of Kaiser Aetna … A. The Federal Navigability Concept … 1. The Ebb and Flow Test of Navigability … 2. The Navigable-in-Fact Test of Navigability … 3. The Vitality of the Navigability Concept … B. State Law Status of a Waterway … C. Estoppel of the Government

IV. The Vaughn Decision

V. Conclusion

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