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Abstract

I. Introduction . . . . . 889

II. Background . . . . . 895

A. Demographics in Indian Country . . . . . 895

B. Double Jeopardy and the Dual Sovereignty Doctrine in Indian Country . . . . . 899

1. The Dual Sovereignty Doctrine . . . . . 899

2. United States v. Wheeler . . . . . 902

C. Criminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country . . . . . 906

1. Criminal Jurisdiction in Indian Country . . . . . 907

2. Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribes . . . . . 910

3. Duro v. Reina . . . . . 912

D. Separation of Powers and the Duro Override . . . . . 916

III. The Circuit Splits . . . . . 919

A. Weaselhead and Lara . . . . . 920

B. United States v. Enas . . . . . 924

IV. The Choices Before the Court . . . . . 926

A. The Court Could Decide that Duro Is Constitutionally Based . . . . . 928

B. The Court Could Conclude that Duro was Decided

as a Matter of Federal Common Law . . . . . 934

V . Conclusion . . . . . 937

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