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Abstract

I. Introduction . . . . . 248

II. Clients and Lawyers . . . . . 253

A . Client Ethics . . . . . 253

B. Responsibility Taking as the Moral Response to Injury . . . . . 253

C. The Typical Pattern of Denial . . . . . 256

1. Denial Reinforcement, Fault Projection, and Conflict Escalation . . . . . 260

2. Lawyers Benefit from Conflict Escalation . . . . . 262

3. Some Objections . . . . . 263

a. The Defense of Zealous Advocacy . . . . . 264

b. Counseling Clients About Such Matters Already Occurs . . . . . 266

c. The Lawyer's Epistemological Demurrer . . . . . 268

d. Client Alienation . . . . . 269

D. Counseling Responsibility Taking . . . . . 271

1. Trust and Relationship, Not Magic Bullets . . . . . 272

2. A Spectrum of Discourse: Confrontation, Indirection, and Engagement . . . . . 274

a. Confrontation . . . . . 275

b. Indirection . . . . . 277

c. Engagement . . . . . 278

3. A Skeptical View and an Optimistic Response . . . . . 281

III. Some Structural Factors . . . . . 283

A. Economic Incentives . . . . . 283

B. Toward Creating Economic Incentives against Denial . . . . . 288

C. Dispute Resolution Mechanisms . . . . . 294

D. Legal Education . . . . . 298

1. Subordinating Moral Sensibilities and Feelings to Technical Argumentation . . . . . 298

2. Training in the Ideology of Winning . . . . . 301

3. A Note on Lawyer Psychological Dysfunction . . . . . 302

4. Training Against Facing One's Errors Openly and Squarely . . . . . 303

5. Toward Reform . . . . . 305

E. Cultural Composition . . . . . 305

IV . Conclusion . . . . . 311

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