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Wings over the Great Plains: Bird Migrations in the Central Flyway
Paul A. Johnsgard
The Central Flyway has been recognized as a collective North- South migratory pathway centered on the North American Great Plains for nearly a century, but it has never been analyzed as the species that most closely follow it, or the major stopping points used by those species on their journeys between their northern breeding and southern wintering grounds. A total of 114 U.S. and 21 Canadian localities of special importance to birds migrating within the Central Flyway are identified and described in detail. Judging from available regional, state and local information, nearly 400 species of 50 avian families regularly use the Central Flyway during their migrations. Nearly 90 Central Flyway species have wintering areas partly extending variably far into the Neotropic zoogeographic realm, and at least 50 of these winter entirely within the Neotropic realm. A few of these species undertake some of the longest known migrations of all birds, in excess of 8,000 miles in each direction. Seven maps, 49 figures and over 100 literature citations are included.
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Media Revolution: Early Prints from the Sheldon Museum of Art
Gregory Nosan and Alison G. Stewart
In the digital age, when videos are streamed and books can be read electronically, it is hard to fathom the revolutionary impact that printed images had when they first appeared in Europe around 1400. Their introduction changed forever the traditional practice of manually crafting images one by one, creating a world in which pictures could be reproduced almost without limit on a new material called paper, expanding the possibilities and audiences for images and texts of all kinds. This publication, which brings to light little-seen masterpieces from the Sheldon Museum of Art’s collection, explores the three major print techniques of the early modern period: woodcut, engraving, and etching. Along the way, it suggests not only how the print revolution evolved as it spread across Europe and the British Isles, but also how it gave rise to images that are intimate and public, sacred and secular. These pictures, which transformed the everyday lives of their original users, remind us of the many ways in which print technology continues to shape our own.
Contributions from Jesse Kudron, Tessa Terry, Andrea Nichols, Greg Spangler, Christopher Delano, Erin Boyle, Alexander Severn, Michelle Lindholm, Constance Hamer, Caitlin Donohoe, Kelli Dornbos, Sarah Penry, Kayla Johnson, and Amanda Washburn.
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A Two-Hundred Year History of Ornithology, Avian Biology, Bird Watching, and Birding in Kansas (1810–2010)
Thomas G. Shane
The first two centuries of bird study in Kansas essentially can be split into 50 year intervals since Zebulon Pike’s 1810 publication, an account of his explorations. The first 50 years were records of explorers crossing Kansas collecting bird specimens; many were Army doctors. The second half of the 19th Century was a continuation of explorers and those affiliated with museums obtaining bird specimens and the establishment of colleges and universities with faculty members also collecting birds and making observations. The first half of the 20th Century was a period of college faculties primarily composed of vertebrate zoologists who had a few graduate students who studied birds. By 1960, active graduate programs were in place with many professors specializing in taxonomy, physiology, ecology, wildlife biology and behavior which continue to this day. Bird watchers and birders have also played an important role in the study of Kansas birds and continue to do so into the 21st Century.
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Musica mechanica organoedi • Musical mechanics for the organist
Jacob Adlung, Johann Lorenz Albrecht, Johann Friedrich Agricola, and Quentin Faulkner
This is the first English translation of Musica mechanica organoedi, originally published in Berlin in 1768. Its author Jacob Adlung (1699-1762) was a musician and scholar and organist at the Predigerkirche in Erfurt.
The Musica mechanica organoedi focuses primarily on the organ, from the perspective of the information an organist might need to know about the instrument; specifically, it encompasses the following:
• an evaluation, from an 18th-century perspective, of earlier works on its subject: Praetorius, Werkmeister, Mattheson, Niedt, Kircher and others
• an appreciation of the organ: its value and regard
• the history of the organ
• a thorough description of all the parts of an organ, and all facets of the organbuilder’s art, including definitions of several hundred organ stops.
• suggestions about organ registration: the use and combination of stops, and how to go about choosing what stops an organ shall have
• advice to those who intend to purchase an organ: cost, advantages and faults, testing, maintenance and repair
• temperament and tuning
• construction and assessment of other keyboard instruments, notably the harpsichord and clavichord with pedal
• stoplists of almost 90 organs of various types and sizes (most of them in Germany).
One of Mmo’s most valuable features is its attempt to be a compendium of information from earlier sources. Adlung not only recorded his own ideas and observations, but incorporated those of every previous major German publication that treats the organ, beginning with Praetorius’s Syntagma musicum (1619). This attempt at comprehensiveness is interesting because it gathers information from so many diverse sources, and because in commenting on his predecessors Adlung offers yet another perspective (closer to the sources than any commentary from our time) on the matters they treat. His work is therefore, more than any other contemporary publication, a mirror of the state of knowledge and preferences concerning the 18th-century German organ.
Left unpublished at Adlung's death, the work was entrusted to Johann Lorenz Albrecht (1732-73), Cantor and Music Director at the Marienkirche in Mühlhausen. The book's publisher subsequently entrusted the work to his local collaborator Johann Friedrich Agricola (1720-1774), the Royal Prussian Court Composer and a former student of J. S. Bach, who added a further layer of commentary.
The work has been translated into English by Dr. Quentin Faulkner, Larson Professor of Organ and Music Theory/History (emeritus) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Dr Faulkner holds the degrees B.Mus. cum laude from Westminster Choir College, M.S.M. and M.Th. from Southern Methodist University, and S.M.D. from Union Theological Seminary, and is the author of J.S. Bach's Keyboard Technique: A Historical Introduction (1984) and Wiser Than Despair: The Evolution of Ideas in the Relationship of Music and the Christian Church (1996). He was formerly an organist at the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine in New York City. In addition to the extensive annotations, he has added a compendium of the many organ stoplists cited but not originally included in the Mmo.
This electronic edition of the work is arranged to show the German original on the left and the English translation on the facing right-hand pages. It runs 1222 pages or 68 Mb in this version. Chapter-opening bookmarks are provided for easier navigation.
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A Nebraska Bird-Finding Guide
Paul A. Johnsgard
Nebraska lies in the transition zone between North American eastern and western avifaunas and is home to more than 200 breeding and 150 migrant species. This definitive guide to Nebraska birdwatching by the state’s preeminent ornithologist includes a county-by-county rundown of the best sites, a calendar of migrations, an annotated checklist of regularly occurring Nebraska birds, and recommendations for optical equipment, publications and reference materials, and contact information for conservation and ornithological groups. It features 48 maps as well as photographs and drawings by the author.
Paul Johnsgard, Foundation Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, is the author of more than 50 books and 150 articles on birds and other wildlife. -
Rocky Mountain Birds: Birds and Birding in the Central and Northern Rockies
Paul A. Johnsgard
“The Rocky Mountain region has fascinated me ever since I traveled to Glacier and Yellowstone National Parks as a teenager, and saw for the first time such wonderful birds as ospreys, American dippers, and Lewis’s woodpeckers.”
This book is in part based on the author’s earlier Birds of the Rocky Mountains (1986, revised 2009), but over a third of the original text has been eliminated. The rest has been updated, expanded and modified to be less technical and more useful to birders in the field. Bird enthusiasts will find viewing locations and updated contact information for hundreds of sites in Wyoming, Colorado, Montana, Idaho, Alberta, and British Columbia. Part 1 outlines the habitats, ecology, and bird geography of the Rocky Mountains north of the New Mexico–Colorado border, including recent changes in the ecology and avifauna of the region. It provides detailed lists of major birding locations and guidance about where to search for specific Rocky Mountain birds. Part 2 considers all 328 regional species individually, with information on their status, habitats and ecology, suggested viewing locations, and population. Includes 3 maps and 11 drawings by the author.
Paul A. Johnsgard is the Foundation Regents Professor (emeritus) in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. He is an internationally renowned ornithologist and the author of more than fifty books on natural history.
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The Wonders of the Invisible World. OBSERVATIONS As well Historical as Theological, upon the NATURE, the NUMBER, and the OPERATIONS of the DEVILS.
Cotton Mather and Reiner Smolinski , Editor
Cotton Mather’s mythic image rests largely on his involvement in the Salem witchcraft debacle (1692–93) and on his Wonders of the Invisible World (1693). The work aims at several purposes. On the one hand, Wonders is New England’s official defense of the court’s verdict and testimony to the power of Satan and his minions; on the other, it is Mather’s contribution to pneumatology, with John Gaul, Matthew Hale, John Dee, William Perkins, Joseph Glanville, and Richard Baxter in the lead. Before Mather excerpts the six most notorious cases of Salem witchcraft, he buttresses his account with the official endorsement of Lt. Governor William Stoughton, with a disquisition on the devil’s machinations described by the best authorities that the subject affords, with a previously delivered sermon at Andover, and with his own experimentations. Mather’s Wonders, however, does not end without a due note of caution. While exposing Satan’s plot to overthrow New England’s churches, Mather also recommends his father’s caveat Cases of Conscience (1693), thus effectively rejecting the use of “spectral evidence” as grounds for conviction and condemning confessions extracted under torture. What ties the various parts together is Mather’s millenarian theme of Christ’s imminence, of which Satan’s plot is the best evidence. Robert Calef ’s accusation that Mather and his ilk incited the hysteria is, perhaps, unfounded, but Calef ’s charge of Mather’s ambidextrous disposition seems warranted. For while Mather defends the court’s verdict and justifies the government’s position, he also voices his great discomfort with the court’s procedure in the matter. Wonders appeared in print just when the trials were halting, but it remains, in his own words, “that reviled Book,” a bane to his name.
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De bestiis marinis, or, The Beasts of the Sea
Georg Wilhelm Steller, Walter Miller Translator, Jennie Emerson Miller Translator, and Paul Royster Editor
Steller’s classic work, published in Latin in 1751 and in German in 1753, contains the only scientific description from life of the Steller’s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), as well as the first scientific descriptions of the fur seal or “sea bear” (Callorhinus ursinus), Steller’s sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), and the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Steller’s sea cow was a sirenian, or manatee, inhabiting the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. It was first discovered by Europeans in 1741 and rendered extinct by 1768. It was a 30-foot long, plant-eating aquatic mammal, weighing up to 12 tons, that lived in large herds on the coasts of Alaska and Kamchatka. Steller made his observations as part of Vitus Bering’s second voyage, during which the crew was shipwrecked for 9 months on Bering Island, from November 1741 to August 1742. This voyage was undertaken as part of the Great Northern Expedition, commissioned by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, to prosecute the exploration of the North Pacific and western North America. This English translation originally appeared in 1899, in an appendix to The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, edited by David Starr Jordan, Part 3 (Washington, 1899), pp. 179–218. A brief bibliography, links to online works and sites, and illustrations have been added by the present editor.
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Mathematics for Classical Information Retrieval
Dariush Alimohammadi and Mary Bolin , Editor
This book is about Information Retrieval (IR), particularly Classical Information Retrieval (CIR). It looks at these topics through their mathematical roots. The mathematical bases of CIR are briefly reviewed, followed by the most important and interesting models of CIR, including Boolean, Vector Space, and Probabilistic.
Mathematics is a foundation and building block of all areas of knowledge. It particularly affects disciplines concerned with information organization, storage, retrieval, and exchange. Information is manipulated using computers, and computers have a mathematical basis. The word “computer” reveals this relationship. Students and practitioners of computer science, library and information science (LIS), and communications need a foundation in mathematics. IR, a subfield in all these disciplines, also needs mathematics as a common and formal language. Understanding CIR is not possible without basic mathematical knowledge.
The primary goal of book is to create a context for understanding the principles of CIR by discussing its mathematical bases. This book can be helpful for LIS students who are studying IR but have no knowledge of mathematics. Weakness in math impairs the ability to understand current issues in IR. While LIS students are the main target of this book, it may be of interest to computer science and communications students as well.
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The Fish Doctor: Autobiography of a World Fish Parasitologist
Glenn L. Hoffman
Described in 1986 as “a living legend,” Glenn Hoffman was one of the world’s foremost authorities on the parasites of fishes. This book narrates his life and 65-year professional career as a scientist, researcher, ambassador, colleague, and family man.
Born in 1918 to “hard working Iowa farm folks,” Dr. Hoffman grew up trapping and fishing for fun and profit. At the University of Iowa, he majored in zoology and worked for the Iowa State Conservation Department. From 1942 through 1946, he served in the U.S. Army as a lab technician, bacteriologist, and parasitologist in France, England, Germany, and Belgium. He returned to Iowa to earn his PhD in 1950, and taught at the University of North Dakota 1950–1957. From 1958 to 1975 he worked at the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services Eastern Fish Disease Laboratory in Leetown, WV, and then at the U.S. Fish Culture Station in Stuttgart, Arkansas, until his retirement in 1985. He was the author of four major books and more than 100 articles on the causes, spread, and cures of parasite-related diseases in fish, including Parasites of North American Freshwater Fishes (1967, 2nd ed. 1999), called “the bible of American fish parasitology.” His work and his generosity in collaboration developed an international following, and he made many trips abroad to share his expertise and receive the honors earned from his wide-ranging research and publication work.
Personal, insightful, and reflective, this autobiography gives a glimpse inside the mind of a American scientist of the first rank. -
Hopi Nation: Essays on Indigenous Art, Culture, History, and Law
Edna Glenn, John R. Wunder, Willard Hughes Rollings, and C. L. Martin
Contents
EDITOR’S NOTE
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PREFACE: Edna Glenn, Texas Tech University and John R. Wunder, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
COMMENTARY I: CELEBRATION: Edna Glenn
1 THE HOPI NATION IN 1980: “It is a time to recall and to revitalize the good things of Hopi life and to celebrate Hopism.” Abbott Sekaquaptewa, Chairman, Hopi Tribal Council
EXEMPLARY ARTS: SECTION A — Subject: Concepts of Emergence and Migration: Edna Glenn
2 HOPI MESAS AND MIGRATIONS: LAND AND PEOPLE: “Here among the sandstone mesas you will find the Hopis. ‘Among them we settled as rain....’” Lomawywesa (Michael Kabotie), Hopi Cultural Center and Museum, Second Mesa
EXEMPLARY ARTS: SECTION B — Subject: Corn as Life Essence: Edna Glenn
3 THE HOPI WAY: ART AS LIFE, SYMBOL, AND CEREMONY: “As artists, we try to document every aspect of Hopi life. We know the Hopi way; we live it, we can taste, we can see, and we can smell Hopi.” Honvantewa (Terrance Talaswaima), Hopi Cultural Center and Museum, Second Mesa
EXEMPLARY ARTS: SECTION C — Subject: Ceremony - Ancient and Contemporary Images: Edna Glenn
EXEMPLARY ARTS: SECTION D — Subject: Contemporary Arts and Crafts: Edna Glenn
COMMENTARY II: CEREMONY: Edna Glenn
4 HOPI KACHINAS: A LIFE FORCE: “Everything has an essence or life force, and humans must interact with these or fail to survive.” Barton Wright , Museum of Man, San Diego
EXEMPLARY ARTS: SECTION E — Subject: Kachinas: Edna Glenn
5 HOPI SOCIAL STRUCTURE AS RELATED TO TIHU SYMBOLISM: “Life is the highest good; in an environment where survival requires constant effort, . . . the richest blessing is abundance of food and children.” Alice Schlegel, University of Arizona
6 CONTEMPORARY HOPI COURTS AND LAW: “We believe we are ‘at the center’ and this gives us a very secure feeling about where we are, where we have been, and what we are going to do.” Piestewa (Robert H. Ames), Chief Judge, Hopi Tribal Trial Court
7 THE ENDURING HOPI: “What then is the meaning of the tricentennial observance? It is a reaffirmation of continuity and hope for the collective Hopi future.” Peter Iverson, Arizona State University
COMMENTARY III: CHALLENGE: Edna Glenn
HOPI ESSENCE: SELF-PORTRAIT AND POEM: Lomawywesa (Michael Kabotie)
CONTRIBUTORS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology
Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti, Armand R. Maggenti, and Scott Gardner
An exhaustive dictionary of over 13,000 terms relating to invertebrate zoology, including etymologies, word derivations and taxonomic classification. Entries cover parasitology, nematology, marine invertebrates, insects, and anatomy, biology, and reproductive processes for the following phyla: Acanthocephala Annelida Arthropoda Brachiopoda Bryozoa Chaetognatha Cnidaria Ctenophora Echinodermata Echiura Entoprocta Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Mesozoa Mollusca Nemata Nematomorpha Nemertea Onychophora Pentastoma Phoronida Placozoa Platyhelminthes Pogonophora Porifera Priapula Rotifera Sipuncula Tardigrada.
doi:10.13014/K2DR2SN5
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Increase Mather: The Foremost American Puritan
Kenneth B. Murdock
The classic biography of preeminent colonial Massachusetts minister and President of Harvard College, Increase Mather (1639-1723). This is the work that re-started Puritan studies in America.
“A book which will be indispensable to students of early American history.” —Times Literary Supplement
“It is a book to welcome and appreciate.” —American Historical Review
“The available sources have been used carefully, and the story is told with great literary skill.” —The Sewanee Review
“[Murdock’s book] opened the sluice gates to powerful streams of scholarship that in the next two decades revised our understanding of American Puritanism.” —Philip F. Gura, in A Concise Companion to American Studies
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'Farewell' Address to the People of the United States, Announcing His Intention of Retiring from Public Life at the Expiration of the Present Constitutional Term of Presidency
George Washington
President George Washington’s farewell address “To the People of the United States” was delivered to the public through the medium of the Philadelphia Daily Advertiser newspaper and was immediately reprinted in other newspapers and in pamphlet form throughout the country, and in England, Ireland, and Scotland as well. All contemporary editions derived directly or indirectly from the Daily Advertiser newspaper source.
The composition of the address was a collaborative effort, with James Madison co-authoring with Washington an early draft that was reviewed and revised at least twice to incorporate suggestions by Alexander Hamilton. The final draft, in Washington’s handwriting, was submitted to Timothy Pickering and others in the Cabinet before being given to the printer.
Washington’s “farewell address” emphasizes the importance of Union, the danger of partisanship, the threat of parties allied to foreign countries or interests, the accomplishment of a national government, the precedence of national over sectional interests, the maintenance of the public credit, the avoidance of large military establishments, and the overall momentousness of the American experiment in democracy. Throughout the address Washington demonstrates the restraint, modesty, and humility that—combined with his personal judgment, honesty, steadfastness, commitment to the republic, and devotion to the idea of liberty—made him so deeply reverenced by his contemporaries and by fellow-citizens for centuries to come.
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The Constitutions of the Free-Masons (1734). An Online Electronic Edition.
James Anderson A.M., Benjamin Franklin, and Paul Royster (editor & depositor)
This is an online electronic edition of the the first Masonic book printed in America, which was produced in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin in 1734, and was a reprint of a work by James Anderson (who is identified as the author in an appendix) printed in London in 1723. This is the seminal work of American Masonry, edited and published by one of the founding fathers, and of great importance to the development of colonial society and the formation of the Republic. The work contains a 40-page history of Masonry: from Adam to the reign of King George I, including, among others, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Solomon, Hiram Abif, Nebuchadnezzar, Augustus Caesar, Vitruvius, King Athelstan the Saxon, Inigo Jones, and James I of England. There are extended descriptions of the Seven Wonders of the World, viz. 1) the Great Pyramid, 2) Solomon’s Temple, 3) the City and Hanging-Gardens of Babylon, 4) the Mausoleum or Tomb of Mausolus, King of Caria, 5) the Lighthouse of Pharos at Alexandria, 6) Phidias’s statue of Jupiter Olympius in Achaia, and 7) the Colossus at Rhodes (although some maintain the 5th is the Obelisk of Semiramis). It is a celebration of the science of Geometry and the Royal Art of Architecture, as practiced from ancient times until the then-current revival of the Roman or Augustan Style. “The Charges of a Free- Mason” and the “General Regulations” concern rules of conduct for individuals and of governance for Lodges and their officers. The work also includes five songs to be sung at meetings, one of which—“A New Song”—appears in print for the first time and may have been composed by Franklin. The document suggests that Masonry, in its modern Anglo-American form, was rooted in Old Testament exegesis (“So that the Israelites, at their leaving Egypt, were a whole Kingdom of Masons, … under the Conduct of their GRAND MASTER MOSES”) and in contemporary Protestant ideals of morality, merit, and political equality.
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Four English Histories of the Pequod War
P. Vincentius, John Underhill, Lion Gardener, and John Mason
P. Vincentius, A True Relation of the Late Battell fought in New England, between the English, and the Salvages : With the present state of things there (1637)
John Underhill, Newes From America; or, A New and Experimentall Discoverie of New England; Containing, a Trve Relation of Their War-like proceedings these two yeares last past, with a Figure of the Indian Fort, or Palizado (1638)
Lion Gardener, Relation of the Pequot Warres [1660]
John Mason, A Brief History of the Pequot War: Especially of the memorable Taking of their Fort at Mistick in Connecticut in 1637 (1736)
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