The mission of USDA APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) is to provide federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts to allow people and wildlife to coexist. Wildlife Services conducts program delivery, research, and other activities through its regional and state offices, the National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), its field stations, as well as through its national programs.

2002

Evaluation of lasers to disperse American crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, from urban night roosts, W.P. Gorenzel, B. F. Blackwell, G.D. Simmons, T.P. Salmon, and R.A. Dolbeer

REPRODUCTION IN CAPTIVE WILD-CAUGHT COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS), Jeffrey S. Green, Frederick F. Knowlton, and William C. Pitt

Caffeine as a repellent for slugs and snails, Robert G. Hollingsworth, John W. Armstrong, and Earl Campbell

Poly(methyl methacrylate) synthetic grit formulations sustain the delivery of nicarbazin, a contraceptive agent, in pest waterfowl, Jerome C. Hurley and John J. Johnston

Review of Determination of Organic Compounds in Soils, Sediments and Sludges By T. R. Crompton, John J. Johnston

Distribution, Abundance and Habitat Use of American White Pelicans in the Delta Region of Mississippi and Along the Western Gulf of Mexico Coast, D. Tommy King and Thomas C. Michot

Safety Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 Vaccine In Non-Target Ungulates And Coyotes, Terry J. Kreeger, Thomas J. DeLiberto, Steven C. Olsen, William H. Edwards, and Walter E. Cook

A New Flavor-Coated Sachet Bait For Delivering Oral Rabies Vaccine To Raccoons And Coyotes, Samuel B. Linhart, John C. Wlodkowski, Darrell M. Kavanaugh, Laurie Motes-Kreimeyer, Andrew J. Montoney, Richard B. Chipman, Dennis Slate, Laura L. Bigler, and Malcomb G. Fearneyhough

Uncertainty of Exploitation Estimates Made from Tag Returns, L.E. Miranda, R.E. Brock, and B.S. Dorr

Seasonal marking efficacy of Dupont oil blue A dye on steam-rolled oat groat baits for valley pocket gophers, Craig A. Ramey, George H. Matschke, and Richard M. Engeman

Safe efficacy of three strychnine alkaloid bait concentrations for hand-baiting control of plains pocket gophers, Craig A. Ramey, George H. Matschke, Paul L. Hegdal, Geraldine R. McCann, and Richard M. Engeman

Use of sensory cues by fish crows Corvus ossifragus preying on artificial bird nests, Leonard Santisteban, Kathryn E. Sieving, and Michael L. Avery

Oral Rabies Vaccination: A National Perspective on Program Development and Implementation, Dennis Slate, Richard B. Chipman, Charles E. Rupprecht, and Thomas J. DeLiberto

AN EARLIER REPORT OF THE EXOTIC NORTHERN CURLY-TAILED LIZARD IN MARTIN COUNTY, FLORIDA, Henry T. Smith and Richard M. Engeman

An Extraordinary Raccoon, Procyon lotor; Density at an Urban Park, Henry T. Smith and Richard M. Engeman

High-performance liquid chromatography-based determination of nicarbazin excretion in waterfowl, Randal S. Stahl and John J. Johnston

Effect of Roost Harassment on Cormorant Movements and Roosting in the Delta Region of Mississippi, Mark E. Tobin, D. Tommy King, Brian S. Dorr, Scott J. Werner, and David S. Reinhold

2001

Compound DRC-1339 Concentrate- Feedlots

Compound DRC-1339 Concentrate-Livestock, Nest, and Fodder Depredations (EPA Reg. No. 56228-29)

Compound DRC- 1339 Concentrate-Staging Areas (EPA Reg. No. 56228-30)

DRC-1339 (Starlicide)

Egg Oil: An Avian Population Control Tool

M-44 User Tips

Evaluation of chemical repellents for reducing crop damage by Dickcissels in Venezuela, M. L. Avery, E. A. Tillman, and C.C. Lauker

Gray Wolf Restoration in the Northwestern United States, Ed Bangs, Joe Fontaine, Mike Jimenez, Tom Meier, Carter Niemeyer, Doug Smith, Kerry Murphy, Deb Guernsey, Larry Handegard, Mark Collinge, Rod Krischke, John Shivik, Curt Mack, Issac Babcock, Val Asher, and Dominic Domenici

Managing wolf conflict with livestock in the Northwestern United States, Ed Bangs and John A. Shivik

DECLINE OF THE RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD POPULATION IN OHIO CORRELATED TO CHANGES IN AGRICULTURE (1965-1996), Bradley F. Blackwell and Richard A. Dolbeer

Repelling sandhill cranes from corn: whole-kernel experiments with captive birds, Bradley F. Blackwell, David A. Helon, and Richard A. Dolbeer

The demographic response of bank-dwelling beavers to flow regulation: a comparison on the Green and Yampa rivers, Stewart W. Breck, Kenneth R. Wilson, and Douglas C. Anderson

Effects of sterilization on territory fidelity and maintenance, pair bonds, and survival rates of free-ranging coyotes, Cassity Bromley and Eric M. Gese

SURGICAL STERILIZATION AS A METHOD OF REDUCING COYOTE PREDATION ON DOMESTIC SHEEP, Cassity Bromley and Eric M. Gese

Case Study 2: Seed Treatment, Peter Edwards, Kees Romijn, Michael L. Avery, Ralf Barfknecht, Mark Clook, Wout Slob, and Martin Urban

Non-Target Hazard Assessment of Using DRC-1339 Avicide to Manage Blackbirds in Sunflower, John D. Eisemann, George M. Linz, and John J. Johnston

Monitoring changes in feral swine abundance and spatial distribution, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice Constantin, Mark Nelson, John Woolard, and Jean Bourassa

MONITORING RACCOON POPULATIONS TO MAXIMIZE EFFICACY OF A FIXED-COST CONTROL BUDGET FOR REDUCING PREDATION ON SEA TURTLE NESTS, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice Constantin, Ryan Noel, and John D. Woolard

Monitoring changes in feral swine abundance and spatial distribution, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice Constantine, Mark Nelson, John Woolard, and Jean Bourassa

Objectives and integrated approaches for the control of brown tree snakes, Richard M. Engeman and Daniel S. Vice

A direct comparison of trapping and spotlight searches for capturing Brown Tree Snakes on Guam, Richard M. Engeman and D.S. Vice

Integrated Management Tactics to Assess Risk and Reduce Damage to Conifer Reforestation by Pocket Gophers, Richard M. Engeman and Gary W. Witmer

EFFECT OF FEEDING STATIONS ON THE HOME RANGES OF AMERICAN BLACK BEARS IN WESTERN WASHINGTON, Philipp Fersterer, Dale L. Nolte, Georg J. Ziegltrum, and Hartmut Gossow

DISEASE EMERGENCE IN BIRDS: CHALLENGES FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, Milton Friend, Robert G. McLean, and F. Joshua Dein

Monitoring of terrestrial carnivore populations, Eric M. Gese

Territorial defense by coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: who, how, where, when, and why, Eric M. Gese

THE ROLE OF PREDATION IN WILDLIFE POPULATION DYNAMICS, Eric M. Gese and Frederick F. Knowlton

"References" for Carnivore Conservation, John L. Gittleman, Stephan M. Funk, David Macdonald, Robert K. Wayne, and Eric M. Gese

Estimation of Red-Winged Blackbird Mortality from Toxic Bait Application, James F. Glahn and Michael L. Avery

Design of a Laboratory Secondary Hazard Study, David A. Goldade, Peter J. Savarie, Jerome C. Hurley, Stanley A. Gaddis, and John J. Johnston

Differential responses of coyotes to novel stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar settings, Charles E. Harris and Frederick F. Knowlton

Influence of size of sporocyst inoculum upon the size and number of sarcocysts of Sarcocystis falcatula which develop in the brown-headed cowbird, Melanie P. Hemenway, Michael L. Avery, Pam E. Ginn, Sarah Schaack, John B. Dame, and Ellis C. Greiner

Dogs increase recovery of passerine carcasses in dense vegetation, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz, and Brian D. Peer

PROGRESS ON CATTAIL MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE BLACKBIRD DAMAGE TO SUNFLOWER, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz, Ryan L. Wimberly, and Linda B. Penry

Targeting alphas can make coyote control more effective and socially acceptable, Michael M. Jaeger, Karen M. Blejwas, Benjamin N. Sacks, Jennifer C.C. Neale, Mary M. Conner, and Dale R. McCullough

Experimental Infection Of Nontarget Species Of Rodents And Birds With Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 Vaccine, Matt C. Januszewski, Steven C. Olsen, Robert G. McLean, Larry Clark, and Jack C. Rhyan

Introduction to Pesticides and Wildlife, John J. Johnston

Quantification of plasma and egg 4,4′ dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) residues for the efficient development of a nicarbazin-based contraceptive for pest waterfowl, John J. Johnston, Walter M. Britton, Alexander MacDonald, Thomas M. Primus, Margaret J. Goodall, Christi A. Yoder, Lowell A. Miller, and Kathleen A. Fagerstone

Analysis of Pesticide Gas Cartridges, John J. Johnston, Carol A. Furcolow, Doreen G. Griffin, Randal S. Stahl, and John D. Eisemann

Determination of DiazaCon in Quail Feed and Quail Serum by Ion Pair Reversed-Phase Chromatography, John J. Johnston, Margaret J. Goodall, Jerome C. Hurley, Christi A. Yoder, and Lowell A. Miller

Ecotoxicological Risks of Potential Toxicants for Brown Tree Snake Control on Guam, John J. Johnston, Richard E. Mauldin, Peter J. Savarie, Joseph E. Brooks, and Thomas M. Primus

IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIAL DECOMPOSITION AND CARRION SUBSTRATE TO FORAGING BROWN TREESNAKES, S.M. Jojola-Elverum, J.A. Shivik, and L. Clark

ECOTOXICOLOGY, Ronald J. Kendall, Todd A. Anderson, Robert J. Baker, Catherine M. Bens, James A. Carr, Louis A. Chiodo, George P. Cobb III, Richard L. Dickerson, Kenneth R. Dixon, Lynn T. Frame, Michael J. Hooper, Clyde F. Martin, Scott T. McMurry, Reynaldo Patino, Ernest E. Smith, and Christopher W. Theodorakis

Determination of Cabergoline by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Picogram Detection via Column Focusing Sample Introduction, Bruce A. Kimball, Thomas J. DeLiberto, and John J. Johnston

Movements and Mortality of American White Pelicans Banded at Marsh Lake, Minnesota, D. Tommy King

Daily Activity Budgets and Population Size of American White Pelicans Wintering in South Louisiana and the Delta Region of Mississippi, D. Tommy King and Scott J. Werner

Using iophenoxic acid injections of prey to identify mammals that feed on them, Frederick F. Knowlton and Stanley R. Olmstead

Serological Responses of Coyotes to Two Commercial Rabies Vaccines, Frederick F. Knowlton, Marianna Roetto, and Deborah Briggs

Pulp cavity-tooth width ratios from known-age and wild-caught coyotes determined by radiography, Frederick F. Knowlton and Susan L. Whittemore

SURVIVAL OF AVIAN CARCASSES AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF PREDATORS AND SCAVENGERS, Richard M. Kostecke, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Avian Use of Various Bait Mixtures Offered in Harvested Cornfields during Spring Migration in South Dakota, George M. Linz, H. Jeffrey Homan, and Ryan L. Wimberly

HAS AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACH REDUCED BLACKBIRD DAMAGE TO SUNFLOWER?, George M. Linz, Brian D. Peer, H. Jeffrey Homan, Ryan L. Wimberly, David L. Bergman, William J. Bleier, and Linda B. Penry

HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AROUND FALL BLACKBIRD ROOSTS, Mark W. Lutman, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Development of Sarcocystis falcatula in its intermediate host, the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), Shannon L. Luznar, Michael L. Avery, John B. Dame, Robert J. MacKay, and Ellis C. Greiner

Chemical Repellents and Other Aversive Strategies in Predation Management, J.R. R. Mason, J.A. Shivik, and M.W. Fall

Effects of Trapping and Subsequent Short-Term Confinement Stress on Plasma Corticosterone in the Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam, Tom Mathies, Todd A. Felix, and Valentine A. Lance

Case Study 1 : Foliar Insecticide I, Monte Mayes, John D. Eisemann, Alain Baril, Tony Hawkes, Liesbeth Heijink, and Peter Lawlor

PORCINE ZONA PELLUCIDA IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION: LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS ON WHITE-TAILED DEER, Lowell A. Miller, Ken Crane, Stan Gaddis, and Gary J. Killian

PORCINE ZONA PELLUCIDA IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION: LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS ON WHITE-TAILED DEER, Lowell A. Miller, Ken Crane, Stan Gaddis, and Gary J. Killian

BEAR BEHAVIOR IN THE VICINITY OF SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING STATIONS IN WESTERN WASHINGTON, Dale L. Nolte, Timothy J. Veenendaal, George J. Ziegltrum, and Philipp Fersterer

BEAR BEHAVIOR IN THE VICINITY OF SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING STATIONS IN WESTERN WASHINGTON, Dale L. Nolte, Timothy J. Veenendaal, Georg J. Ziegltrum, and Philipp Fersterer

Non-Target Impacts of Strychnine Baiting to Reduce Pocket Gopher Populations on Forest Lands in the united States, Dale L. Nolte and Kimberly Wagner

Efficacy of Wolfin to Repel Black-Tailed Deer, Dale L. Nolte and Kimberly K. Wagner

IMPACTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING ON THE NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY OF BLACK BEARS, Steven T. Partridge, Dale L. Nolte, Georg J. Ziegltrum, and Charles T. Robbins

IMPACTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING ON THE NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY OF BLACK BEARS, Steven T. Partridge, Dale L. Nolte, Georg J. Ziegltrum, and Charles T. Robbins

IMPACT OF BLACKBIRD DAMAGE TO SUNFLOWER BIOENERGETIC AND ECONOMIC MODELS, Brian D. Peer, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

INFREQUENT COWBIRD PARASITISM ON COMMON GRACKLES REVISITED: NEW RECORDS FROM THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS, Brian D. Peer, H. Jeffrey Homan, and Spencer G. Sealy

Density of Prairie Skinks (Eumeces septentrionalis) in Old-field Habitats, William C. Pitt

A New Approach to Understanding Canid Populations Using an Individual-based Computer Model: Preliminary Results, William C. Pitt, Frederick F. Knowlton, and Paul W. Box

Field evaluation of a visual barrier to discourage gull nesting, P. A. Pochop, J.L. Cummings, and R. M. Engeman

Chlorophacinone Residues in Rangeland Rodents: An Assessment of the Potential Risk of Secondary Toxicity to Scavengers, Thomas M. Primus, John D. Eisemann, George H. Matschke, Craig Ramey, and John J. Johnston

Novel Field Sampling Procedure for the Determination of Methiocarb Residues in Surface Waters from Rice Fields, Thomas M. Primus, Dennis J. Kohler, Mike Avery, Pat Bolich, M.O. Way, and John J. Johnston

Determination of 4,4′-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), the Active Component of the Antifertility Agent Nicarbazin, in Chicken, Duck, and Goose Plasma, Thomas M. Primus, Dennis J. Kohler, Margaret A. Goodall, Christi Yoder, Doreen Griffin, Lowell A. Miller, and John J. Johnston

PATHOLOGY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BISON FROM YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Jack C. Rhyan, Thomas Gidlewski, Thomas J. Roffe, Keith Aune, L. Michael Philo, and Darla R. Ewalt

USE OF ACETAMINOPHEN FOR LARGE-SCALE CONTROL OF BROWN TREESNAKES, Peter J. Savarie, John A. Shivik, Gary C. White, Jerome C. Hurley, and Larry Clark

USE OF ACETAMINOPHEN FOR LARGE-SCALE CONTROL OF BROWN TREESNAKES, Peter J. Savarie, John A. Shivik, Gary C. White, Jerome C. Hurley, and Larry Clark

LOCAL REMOVAL OF RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS: POTENTIAL FOR BLACKBIRD MANAGEMENT?, Richard . S. Sawin, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Comparison of Primary and Secondary Repellents for Aversive Conditioning of European Starlings, Roger W. Sayre and Larry Clark

EFFECT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY REPELLENTS ON EUROPEAN STARLINGS: AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT, Roger W. Sayre and Larry Clark

EFFECT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY REPELLENTS ON EUROPEAN STARLINGS: AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT, Roger W. Sayre and Larry Clark

AVIAN USE OF RIPENING SUNFLOWER FIELDS, Dionn Schaaf, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier, and H. Jeffrey Homan

Evaluation of mirrors to deter nesting starlings, Thomas W. Seamans, Charles D. Lovell, Richard A. Dolbeer, and Jonathon D. Cepek

So You Want to Work with Wolves?, John A. Shivik