The mission of USDA APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) is to provide federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts to allow people and wildlife to coexist. Wildlife Services conducts program delivery, research, and other activities through its regional and state offices, the National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), its field stations, as well as through its national programs.

2003

West Nile Virus: Emerging Threat to Public Health and Animal Health, Robert G. McLean

EVALUATION OF GNRH CONTRACEPTIVE VACCINE USING DOMESTIC SWINE AS A MODEL FOR FERAL HOGS, Lowell Miller, Jack Rhyan, and Gary Killian

Wolf Depredation Trends and the Use of Fladry Barriers to Protect Livestock in Western North America, Marco Musiani, Charles Mamo, Luigi Boitani, Carolyn Callaghan, C. Cormack Gates, Livia Mattei, Elisabetta Visalberghi, Stewart W. Breck, and Giulia Volpi

Predator presence affects the reproductive success of prey in outdoor conditions, Sergey V. Naidenko, Svetlana V. Naidenko, Larry Clark, and Vera V. Voznessenskaya

Bears Prefer Trees in the Spring, Dale L. Nolte

Developing Approaches to Reduce Wildlife Damage to Forest Resources, Dale L. Nolte

Developing Strategies to Alleviate Wildlife Damage to Forest Resources, Dale L. Nolte

Fencing Out Big Game Species, Dale L. Nolte

Managing Ungulates to Protect Trees, Dale L. Nolte

Repellents are Socially Acceptable Tools, Dale L. Nolte

Roof rat invasion of an urban desert island, Dale L. Nolte, David Bergman, and John Townsend

Feasibility of non-lethal approaches to protect riparian plants from foraging beavers in North America, Dale L. Nolte, Mark W. Lutman, David L. Bergman, Wendy M. Arjo, and Kelly R. Perry

TRAINING DEER TO AVOID SITES THROUGH NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT, Dale L. Nolte, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Kelly R. Perry, and Suzanne E. Adams

Timber Damage by Black Bears, Dale L. Nolte, Kimberly K. Wagner, and Andy Trent

IMPACT OF BLACKBIRD DAMAGE TO SUNFLOWER: BIOENERGETIC AND ECONOMIC MODELS, Brian D. Peer, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Restoration of the Red Wolf, Michael K. Phillips, V. Gary Henry, and Brian T. Kelly

NONTARGET BIRD USE OF DRC-1339 BAIT SITES DURING OPERATIONAL BAITING PROGRAMS IN LOUISIANA AND TEXAS, Patricia A. Pipas, John L. Cummings, John D. Eisemann, and Richard M. Engeman

An individual-based model of canid populations: modelling territoriality and social structure, William C. Pitt, Paul W. Box, and Frederick F. Knowlton

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide, the Active Component of the Infertility Agent Nicarbazin, in Chicken, Duck, Goose, and Snake Eggs, Thomas M. Primus, Dennis J. Kohler, Margaret A. Goodall, Christi Yoder, Thomas Mathies, Lowell Miller, John J. Johnston, and Kurt C. Vercauteren

ESTIMATING THE NUMBER OF NONBREEDING MALE RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS IN CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA, Richard S. Sawin, George M. Linz, Ryan L. Wimberly, Mark W. Lutman, and William J. Bleier

Predators on Red-winged Blackbird nests in eastern North Dakota, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Are birds scared by rotating mirrors?, Thomas W. Seamans, Scott C. Barras, and Zachary J. Patton

Wariness of coyotes to camera traps relative to social status and territory boundaries, E.S. Sequin, Michael M. Jaeger, Peter F. Brussard, and Reginald H. Barrett

The influence of predator odours and overcrowded mouse odours on regulation of oestrous cycles in house mice (Mus musculus), Natalia Yu. Severtzov, Svetlana V. Naidenko, Anna E. Voznesenskaia, Georgy J. Krivomazov, Larry Clark, and Vera V. Voznessenskaya

Nonlethal Techniques for Managing Predation: Primary and Secondary Repellents, John A. Shivik, Adrian Treves, and Peggy Callahan

An Economic Analysis of a Simple Structural Method to Reduce Road-Kills of Royal Terns at Bridges, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Henry T. Smith, Alice M. Bard, Terese V. Harbor, and Richard M. Engeman

WILDLIFE ROAD-KILLS IN AN URBAN PARK IN FLORIDA, Henry T. Smith, Robert M. Barry, Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Shwiff, and William J.B. Miller

A REVIEW OF THE RANGE, DISTRIBUTION, AND ECOLOGY OF THE INVASIVE NORTHERN CURLY-TAILED LIZARD IN FLORIDA, Henry T. Smith and Richard M. Engeman

LEIOCEPHALUS CARINATUS ARMOURI (Northern Curlytailed Lizard) OPPORTUNISTIC PREDATION, Henry T. Smith and Richard M. Engeman

Pseudemys Peninsularis (Penisula Cooter). Estuarine Observation and Interaction with Giant Land Crabs, Henry T. Smith and Richard M. Engeman

Determination of 4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), a Component of Nicarbazin, in Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Eggshells Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Randal S. Stahl, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Teresa L. Buettgenbach, and John J. Johnston

Determination of 4,4'-Dintrocarbanilide (DNC), a Component of Nicarbazin, in Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Eggshells Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Randal S. Stahl, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Teresa L. Buettgenbach, and John J. Johnston

4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) concentrations in egg shells as a predictor of nicarbazin consumption and DNC dose in goose eggs, Randal S. Stahl, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Dennis Kohler, and John J. Johnston

Rodent Hunt, Dr. Ray Sterner

ORAL RABIES VACCINATION: REDUCING ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY VIA RESPONSE SURFACE ANALYSIS, Ray T. Sterner, Matthew A. Kling, Stephanie A. Shwiff, and Dennis Slate

Impacts of small mammals and birds on low-tillage, dryland crops, Ray T. Sterner, Brett E. Petersen, Stanley E. Gaddis, Kenneth L. Tope, and David J. Poss

EFFECTS OF RADIO-TRANSMITTERS ON FECAL GLUCOCORTICOID LEVELS IN CAPTIVE DICKCISSELS, Kimberly M. Suedkamp Wells, Brian E. Washburn, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Mark R. Ryan, and Michael W. Hubbard

BEAVER POPULATION SIZE ESTIMATION IN MISSISSIPPI, Seth R. Swafford, Dale L. Nolte, Kris Godwin, Charles A. Sloan, and Jeanne Jones

DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT IMPACTS TO COMMERCIAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES, Jimmy D. Taylor II and Brian S. Dorr

The Deer Boom: Discussins on Population Growth and Range Expansion of the White-Tailed Deer, Kurt C. VerCauteren

Red lasers are ineffective for dispersing deer at night, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Michael J. Pipas, Paul B. Fioranelli, Scott J. Werner, and Bradley F. Blackwell

COYOTE-ACTIVATED FRIGHTENING DEVICES FOR REDUCING SHEEP PREDATION ON OPEN RANGE, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, and Steve Moyles

COYOTE-ACTIVATED FRIGHTENING DEVICES FOR REDUCING SHEEP PREDATION ON OPEN RANGE, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, and Steve Moyles

Characteristics of grit in Canada goose gizzards, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, and Kirk J. Shively

A review of color vision in white-tailed deer, Kurt C. VerCauteren and Michael J. Pipas

Stored-crop loss due to deer consumption, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Michael J. Pipas, Phil Peterson, and Scott F. Beckerman

Predator odours as reproductive inhibitors for Norway rats, Vera V. Voznessenskaya, Sergey V. Naidenko, Natalia Yu. Feoktistova, Georgy J. Krivomazov, Lowell A. Miller, and Larry Clark

Low Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Double-crested Cormorants in Eastern North America, Juliann L. Waits, Michael L. Avery, Mark E. Tobin, and Paul L. Leberg

Low Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Double-crested Cormorants in Eastern North America, Juliann L. Waits, Michael L. Avery, Mark E. Tobin, and Paul L. Leberg

USING FECAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS FOR STRESS ASSESSMENT IN MOURNING DOVES, Brian E. Washburn, Joshua J. Millspaugh, John H. Schulz, Susan B. Jones, and Tony Mong

UNDERSTANDING BLACKBIRD SENSORY SYSTEMS AND HOW REPELLENT APPLICATIONS WORK, Scott J. Werner and Larry Clark

Status of Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus research and management in North America, Scott J. Werner and Shauna L. Hanisch

Ineffectiveness of Sulfur-based Odors as Nesting Deterrents Against European Starlings, Randolph J. White and Bradley F. Blackwell

Black-tailed Prairie Dog Management in Urban-Suburban Settings: Opportunities and Challenges, Gary W. Witmer, Mark Brennan, Donna Dees, Brian Hoffmann, Frances Pusateri, Cary Richardson, and David Seery

MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES IN WILDLIFE, Gary W. Witmer, Thomas DeLiberto, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and Peter Butchko

THE USE OF TOXICANTS IN BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG MANAGEMENT: AN OVERVIEW, Gary W. Witmer and Kathleen A. Fagerstone

MANAGEMENT OF RODENT POPULATIONS AT AIRPORTS, Gary W. Witmer and Jessica W. Fantinato

FERAL SWINE---ARE THEY A DISEASE THREAT TO LIVESTOCK IN THE UNITED STATES?, Gary W. Witmer, Robert B. Sanders, and Arnold C. Taft

TESTUDINES, John Woolard, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, and John Griner

The National Wildlife Strike Database for the USA: 1990 to 2002 and Beyond, Sandra E. Wright and Richard A. Dolbeer

2002

A comparison of four rodent control methods in Philippine experimental rice fields, Md. Sayed Ahmed and Lynwood A. Fiedler

DIETARY OVERLAP BETWEEN WOLVES AND COYOTES IN NORTHWESTERN MONTANA, Wendy M. Arjo, Daniel H. Pletscher, and Robert R. Ream

AVIAN REPELLENTS, Michael L. Avery

Behavioral and Ecological Considerations for Managing Bird Damage to Cultivated Fruit, Michael L. Avery

Monk Parakeet Management at Electric Utility Facilities in South Florida, Michael L. Avery, Ellis C. Greiner, James R. Lindsay, James R. Newman, and Stephen Pruett-Jones

DISPERSING VULTURE ROOSTS ON COMMUNICATION TOWERS, Michael L. Avery, John S. Humphrey, Eric A. Tillman, Kimberly O. Phares, and Jane E. Hatcher

BIRDS IN PEST MANAGEMENT, M L. Avery

Responses of blackbirds to aerial application of Flight Control bird repellent to ratoon rice in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, M L. Avery, J. S. Humphrey, and E. A. Tillman

Habitat Management Approaches for Reducing Wildlife Use of Airfields, Scott C. Barras and Thomas W. Seamans

VEGETATION MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR REDUCING WILDLIFE-AIRCRAFT COLLISIONS, Scott C. Barras and Thomas W. Seamans

Civil Aircraft Collisions with Birds and Other Wildlife in Ohio, 1990-1999, Scott C. Barras and Sandra E. Wright

ORNITHOLOGICAL LITERATURE , Robert C. Beason

Ornithological Literature, Robert C. Beason

ORNITHOLOGICAL LITERATURE, Robert C. Beason

Understanding Avian Vision: The Key to Using Light in Bird Management, Bradley F. Blackwell

LASERS AS NON-LETHAL AVIAN REPELLENTS: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN THE AIRPORT ENVIRONMENT, Bradley F. Blackwell, Glen E. Bernhardt, Jon D. Cepek, and Richard A. Dolbeer

Non-lethal Radio Activated Guard for Deterring Wolf Depredation in Idaho: Summary and Call for Research, Stewart W. Breck, Rick Williamson, Carter Niemeyer, and John A. Shivik

BEAVER HERBIVORY AND ITS EFFECT ON COTTONWOOD TREES: INFLUENCE OF FLOODING ALONG MATCHED REGULATED AND UNREGULATED RIVERS, Stewart W. Breck, Kenneth R. Wilson, and Douglas C. Andersen

Wildlife damage management research needs: perceptions of scientists, wildlife managers, and stakeholders of the USDA/Wildlife Services program, Richard L. Bruggers, Richard Owens, and Thomas Hoffman

Neotropical Frogs in Hawaii: Status and Management Options for an Unusual Introduced Pest, Earl W. Campbell III and Fred Kraus

Aerosolized essential oils and individual natural product compounds as brown treesnake repellents , Larry Clark and John Shivik

A Baiting System For Delivery Of An Oral Plague Vaccine To Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Terry E. Creekmore, Tonie E. Rocke, and Jerry Hurley

Field evaluation of Flight ControlTM to reduce blackbird damage to newly planted rice, John L. Cummings, Michael L. Avery, Owen Mathre, E. Allen Wilson, Darryl L. York, Richard M. Engeman, Patricia A. Pochop, and James E. Davis Jr.

Potential hazards of DRC- 1339 treated rice to non-target birds when used at roost staging areas in Louisiana to reduce local populations of depredating blackbirds, John L. Cummings, James F. Glahn, E. Allen Wilson, and James E. Davis Jr.

Evaluation of Flight Control® to reduce blackbird damage to newly planted rice in Louisiana, John L. Cummings, Patricia A. Pochop, Richard M. Engeman, James E. Davis Jr., and Thomas M. Primus

Assessment of cabergoline as a reproductive inhibitor in coyotes (Canis latrans), T. J. DeLiberto, A. Seglund, W. Jochle, and B. Kimball

BLACKBIRDS AND CORN IN OHIO, Richard A. Dolbeer

POPULATION INCREASES OF LARGE BIRD SPECIES IN RELATION TO IMPACT STANDARDS FOR AIRCRAFT ENGINES AND AIRFRAMES, Richard A. Dolbeer

Have Population Increases of Large Birds Outpaced Airworthiness Standards for Civil Aircraft?, Richard A. Dolbeer and Paul Eschenfelder

A Socioeconomic and Biological Evaluation of Current and Hypothetical Crappie Regulations in Sardis Lake, Mississippi: An Integrated Approach, Brian Dorr, Ian A. Munn, and Keith O. Meals

Assessment of Hazards to Non-Native Mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) and Feral Cats (Felis catus) from the Broadcast Application of Rodenticide Bait in Native Hawaiian Forests, Peter A. Dunlevy and Earl W. Campbell III

Human Poisonings and Rodenticides: Evaluation of Incidents Reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, John D. Eisemann and Brett E. Petersen

THAMNOPHIS RADIX (Plains Garter Snake) BROOD SIZE, Richard M. Engeman, Isabel M. Engeman, and Alexander N. Engeman

Estimating deer damage losses in cabbage, Richard M. Engeman, Brian K. Maedke, and Scott F. Beckerman

Methyl anthranilate aerosol for dispersing birds from the flight lines at Homestead Air Reserve Station, Richard M. Engeman, Jeffrey Peterla, and Bernice Constantin

An economic analysis of predator removal approaches for protecting marine turtle nests at Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge, Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bernice Constantin, Margo Stahl, and Henry T. Smith

Monetary valuation methods for economic analysis of the benefit-costs of protecting rare wildlife species from predators, Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Henry T. Smith, and Bernice Constantin

A comparison of potential labor-saving sampling methods for assessing large mammal damage in corn, Richard . M. Engeman and Ray T. Sterner

Sustained evaluation of the effectiveness of detector dogs for locating brown tree snakes in cargo outbound from Guam, Richard M. Engeman, Daniel S. Vice, Darryl York, and Kenneth S. Gruver

Wildlife Fertility Control, K.A. Fagerstone