The mission of USDA APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) is to provide federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts to allow people and wildlife to coexist. Wildlife Services conducts program delivery, research, and other activities through its regional and state offices, the National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), its field stations, as well as through its national programs.

2013

The Cost of Canine Rabies on Four Continents, A. M. Anderson and S. A. Shwiff

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Appendix, Index and Back Cover, Michael L. Avery, Jerrold L. Belant, Kristin M. Biondi, Bradley F. Blackwell, Jonathon D. Cepek, Larry Clark, Tara J. Conkling, Scott R. Craven, Paul D. Curtis, Travis L. DeVault, Richard A. Dolbeer, David Felstul, Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, Alan B. Franklin, Sidney A. Gauthreaux Jr., Michael J. Lavelle, James A. Martin, Rebecca Mihalco, Paige M. Schmidt, Thomas W. Seamans, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and Brian E. Washburn

IMMUNOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL RESPONSE OF COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS) TO EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION WITH YERSINIA PESTIS, Laurie A. Baeten, Ryan Pappert, John Young, Martin E. Schriefer, Thomas Gidlewski, Dennis Kohler, and Richard A. Bowen

The influence of trap type and cover status on capture rates of pocket gophers in California, Roger A. Baldwin, Daniel B. Marcum, Steve B. Orloff, Stephen J. Vasquez, Cheryl A. Wilen, and Richard M. Engeman

Effectiveness of cattle operated bump gates and exclusion fences in preventing ungulate multi-host sanitary interaction, J.A. A. Barasona, K. C. VerCauteren, N. Saklou, C. Gortazar, and J. Vicente

Use of patch selection models as a decision support tool to evaluate mitigation strategies of human–wildlife conflict, Sharon Baruch-Mordo, Colleen T. Webb, Stewart W. Breck, and Kenneth R. Wilson

Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Brucella abortus- Seropositive Bison, Alona Bayn, Pauline Nol, Ulrike Tisch, Jack Rhyan, Christine K. Ellis, and Hossam Haick

Conclusions and Future Directions, Jerrold L. Belant, Travis L. DeVault, and Bradley F. Blackwell

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 15 Conclusions and Future Directions, Jerrold L. Belant, Travis L. DeVault, and Bradley F. Blackwell

Understanding Animal Movements at and near Airports, Jerrold L. Belant, Brian E. Washburn, and Travis L. DeVault

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Understanding Animal Movements at and near Airports, Jerrold L. Belant, Brian E. Washburn, and Travis L. DeVault

Rabies, Canine Distemper, and Canine Parvovirus Exposure in Large Carnivore Communities from Two Zambian Ecosystems, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Matthew S. Becker, Jassiel M'soka, Egil Droge, Nicholas M. Sakuya, Wigganson Matandiko, Rachel McRobb, and Cathleen A. Hanlon

Spatial Ecology of Urban Raccoons in Northeastern Ohio: Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Chadd E. Fitzpatrick, and W. David Walter

Neospora caninum Exposure in Overlapping Populations of Coyotes (Canis latrans) and Feral Swine (Sus scrofa), Sarah N. Bevins, Emily Blizzard, Luis Bazan, and Pat Whitley

Bat incidents with U.S. civil aircraft, Kristen M. Biondi, Jerrold L. Belant, Travis L. Devault, James A. Martin, and Guiming Wang

Managing Airport Stormwater to Reduce Attraction to Wildlife, Bradley F. Blackwell, David Felstul, and Thomas W. Seamans

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 9 Managing Airport Stormwater to Reduce Attraction to Wildlife, Bradley F. Blackwell, David Felstul, and Thomas W. Seamans

Behavior and Physiology in the Development and Application of Visual Deterrents at Airports, Bradley F. Blackwell and Esteban Fernandez-Juricic

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 2 Behavior and Physiologyin the Development and Application of Visual Deterrents at Airports, Bradley F. Blackwell and Esteban Fernandez-Juricic

Avian Survey Methods for Use at Airports, Bradley F. Blackwell, Paige M. Schmidt, and James A. Martin

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 14 Avian Survey Methods for Use at Airports, Bradley F. Blackwell, Paige M. Schmidt, and James A. Martin

A framework for managing airport grasslands and birds amidst conflicting priorities, Bradley F. Blackwell, Thomas W. Seamans, Paige M. Schmidt, Travis L. Devault, Jerrold L. Belant, Mark J. Whittingham, James A. Martin, and Esteban Fernández-Juricic

Factors affecting survival and cause-specific mortality of saiga calves in Mongolia, Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar, Julie K. Young, Joel Berger, Amanda E. Fine, Badamjav Lkhagvasuren, Peter Zahler, and Todd K. Fuller

Changes in grouping patterns of saiga antelope in relation to intrinsic and environmental factors in Mongolia, B. B. Buuveibaatar, T. K. Fuller, A. E. Fine, B. Chimeddorj, J. K. Young, and J. Berger

Effectiveness and target-specificity of a novel design of food dispenser to deliver a toxin to feral swine in the United States, Tyler A. Campbell, Justin A. Foster, Michael J. Bodenchuk, John D. Eisemann, Linton Staples, and Steven J. Lapidge

Wildlife Contact Rates at Artificial Feeding Sites in Texas, Tyler A. Campbell, David Long, and Susan A. Shriner

Laboratory efficacy of an anthraquinone-based repellent for reducing bird damage to ripening corn, James C. Carlson, Shelagh K. Tupper, Scott J. Werner, Susan E. Pettit, Michele M. Santer, and George M. Linz

Costs of raccoon rabies incidents in cattle herds in Hampshire County, West Virginia, and Guernsey County, Ohio, Richard B. Chipman, Tyler W. Cozzens, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Rita Biswas, Jewell Plumley, Jeanette O'Quin, Timothy P. Algeo, Charles E. Rupprecht, and Dennis Slate

Effectiveness of Chemical Repellents In Managing Birds at Airports, Larry Clark and Michael L. Avery

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 3 Effectiveness of Chemical Repellents in Managing Birds at Airports, Larry Clark and Michael L. Avery

PREVALENCE OF AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS 1 AND AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS (PHALACROCORAX AURITUS) IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, Tiffanie A. Cross, D. M. Arsnoe, R. B. Minnis, D. T. King, S. Swafford, K. Pedersen, and J. C. Owen

WiIdIife Translocation as a Management Alternative at Airports, Paul D. Curtis, Jonathon D. Cepek, Rebecca Mihalco, Thomas W. Seamans, and Scott R. Craven

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 6 Wildlife Translocation as a Management Alternative at Airports, Paul D. Curtis, Jonathon D. Cepek, Rebecca Mihalco, Thomas W. Seamans, and Scott R. Craven

Effects of local-scale removals on feral swine populations in southern Texas, Johanna Delgado-Acevedo, Randy W. DeYoung, and Tyler A. Campbell

Rethinking airport land-cover paradigms: agriculture, grass, and wildlife hazards, Travis L. DeVault, Michael J. Begier, Jerrold L. Belant, Bradley F. Blackwell, Richard A. Dolbeer, James A. Martin, Thomas W. Seamans, and Brian E. Washburn

Wildlife in Airport Environments Preventing Animal-Aircraft Collisions through Science-Based Management, Travis L. DeVault, Bradley F. Blackwell, and Jerrold L. Belant

Identification and Management of Wildlife Food Resources at Airports, Travis L. DeVault and Brian E. Washburn

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 8 Identification and Management of Wildlife Food Resources at Airports, Travis L. DeVault and Brian E. Washburn

Leptospirosis in Fox Squirrels (Sciurus niger) of Larimer County, Colorado, USA, Katherine Dirsmith, Kaci K. VanDalen, Tricia Fry, Brad Charles, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and Colleen Duncan

The History of Wildlife Strikes and Management at Airports, Richard A. Dolbeer

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 1 The History of Wildlife Strikes and Management at Airports, Richard A. Dolbeer

Population Management to Reduce the Risk of WiId life-Aircraft Collisions, Richard A. Dolbeer and Alan B. Franklin

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 7 Population Management to Reduce the Risk of Wildlife-Aircraft Collisions, Richard A. Dolbeer and Alan B. Franklin

Experimental infection of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Northern European bluetongue virus serotype 8, Barbara S. Drolet, Lindsey M. Reister, Tara D. Rigg, Pauline Nol, Brendan K. Podell, James O. Mecham, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Piet A. van Rijn, William C. Wilson, and Richard Bowen

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from mute swan (Cygnus olor) from the USA, J. P. Dubey, S. Choudhary, O. C. H. Kwok, L.R. Ferreira, S. Oliveira, S.K. Verma, D.R. Marks, K. Pedersen, R.M. Mickley, A.R. Randall, D. Asnoe, and C. Su

STATE-LEVEL APPROACHES TO MANAGING THE USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES IN WILDLIFE IN THE UNITED STATES, John D. Eisemann, Jeanette R. O'Hare, and Kathleen A. Fagerstone

Multidisciplinary Approach to Epizootiology and Pathogenesis of Bat Rabies Viruses in the United States, J. A. Ellison, S. R. Johnson, N. Kuzmina, A. T. Gilbert, W. C. Carson, Kurt C. Vercauteren, and C. E. Rupprecht

Assessing spatial variation and overall density of aerially broadcast toxic bait during a rat eradication on Palmyra Atoll, Richard M. Engeman, William C. Pitt, Are R. Berentsen, and John D. Eisemann

Monitoring wild pig populations: a review of methods, R. M. Engeman, G. Massei, M. Sage, and M. N. Gentle

Procedures for Identifying Infectious Prions After Passage Through the Digestive System of an Avian Species, Justin W. Fischer, Tracy A. Nichols, Gregory E. Phillips, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Could avian scavengers translocate infectious prions to disease-free areas initiating new foci of chronic wasting disease?, Justin W. Fischer, Gregory E. Phillips, Tracy A. Nichols, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

BROWNIAN BRIDGE MOVEMENT MODELS TO CHARACTERIZE BIRDS’ HOME RANGES, Justin W. Fischer, W. David Walter, and Michael L. Avery

Use of stormwater impoundments near airports by birds recognizedas hazardous to aviation safety, Brian J. Fox, Wesley B. Holland, Frank L. Boyd, Bradley F. Blackwell, and James B. Armstrong

Wild Ungulates as Disseminators of Shiga Toxin- Producing Escherichia coli in Urban Areas, Alan B. Franklin, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Hugh Maguire, Mary K. Cichon, Justin W. Fischer, Michael J. Lavelle, Amber Powell, J. Jeffrey Root, and Elaine Scallan

The safety of ONRAB® in select non-target wildlife, Tricia L. Fry, Kaci K. VanDalen, Colleen Duncan, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Humoral immune response to oral rabies vaccination in raccoon kits: Problems and implications, Tricia L. Fry, Kaci K. VanDalen, Susan A. Shriner, Susan M. Moore, Cathleen A. Hanlon, and Kurt C. Vercauteren

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 13 Radar Technology to Monitor Hazardous Birds at Airports, Sidney A. Gauthreaux Jr. and Paige M. Schmidt

The Influence of Snowmobile Trails on Coyote Movements during Winter in High-Elevation Landscapes, Eric M. Gese, Jennifer L. B. Dowd, and Lise M. Aubry

Deciphering Serology to Understand the Ecology of Infectious Diseases in Wildlife, Amy T. Gilbert, A. R. Fooks, D. T. S. Hayman, D. L. Horton, T. Muller, R. Plowright, A. J. Peel, R. Bowen, J. L. Wood, J. Miils, A. A. Cunningham, and C. E. Rupprecht

The Effect of Social Hierarchy on Captive Coyote (Canis latrans) Foraging Behavior, Lynne B. Gilbert-Norton, Ryan R. Wilson, and John A. Shivik

Determination of an Immunocontraceptive Peptide in a Wildlife Vaccine Formulation, David A. Goldade, Jeffrey M. Kemp, Jeanette R. O'Hare, and Lowell A. Miller

Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Bornavirus Isolated from a Healthy Canadian Goose (Branta canadensis), Jianhua Guo, John Baroch, Adam Randall, and Ian Tizard

Report to the City of Chicago on Conflicts with Ring-billed Gulls and the 2012 Integrated Ring-billed Gull Damage Management Project, J. W. Hartmann, S. F. Beckerman, Richard M. Engeman, and T. W. Seamans

Report to the Chicago Park District on Conflicts with Ring-billed Gulls and the 2013 Integrated Ring-billed Gull Damage Management Project, J. W. Hartmann, T. G. Guerrant, S. F. Beckerman, R. M. Engeman, and T. W. Seamans

Ecology of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Bats: Current Knowledge and Future Directions, D. T. S. Hayman, R. A. Bowen, P. M. Cryan, G. M. McCracken, T. J. O'Shea, A. J. Peel, A. T. Gilbert, C. T. Webb, and J. L. N. Wood

Effects of Deer Density and Land Use on Mass of White-Tailed Deer, Trevor J. Hefley, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Jason M. Gilsdorf, Gregory M. Clements, Myndi J. Clements, Andrew J. Tyre, David M. Baasch, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Deer-activated bioacoustic frightening device deters white-tailed deer, Aaron M. Hildreth, Scott E. Hygnstrom, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

An analytical framework for quantifying and testing patterns of temporal dynamics in social networks, Elizabeth A. Hobson, Michael L. Avery, and Timothy F. Wright

Use of dairies by postreproductive flocks of European starlings, H. Jeffrey Homan, Jeffrey T. LeJeune, D. L. Pearl, T. W. Seamans, Thomas W. Seamans, A.A. Slowik, Mark R. Morasch, and George M. Linz

Comparison of two models for estimating mortality from baitings with Compound DRC-1339 Concentrate avicide, H. Jeffrey Homan, Randal S. Stahl, and George M. Linz

Use of dairies by postreproductive flocks of European starlings, H. J. Homan; Jeffrey T. LeJeune; David L. Pearl; T. W, Seamans; A. A. Slowik; Mark R. Morasch; and G. M. Linz

Comparison of two models for estimating mortality from baitings with Compound DRC-1339 Concentrate avicide, Jeffrey H. Homan, Randal S. Stahl, and George M. Linz

Stream hierarchy defines riverscape genetics of a North American desert fish, Matthew W. Hopken, Marlis R. Douglas, and Michael E. Douglas

Why Can’t Rodents Vomit? A Comparative Behavioral, Anatomical, and Physiological Study, Charles C. Horn, Bruce A. Kimball, Hong Wang, James Kaus, Samuel Dienel, Allysa Nagy, Gordon R. Gathright, Bill J. Yates, and Paul L. R. Andrews

Isolation and molecular characterization of Fikirini rhabdovirus, a novel virus from a Kenyan bat, Rebekah C. Kading, Amy T. Gilbert, Eric C. Mossel, Mary B. Crabtree, Ivan V. Kuzmin, Michael Niezgoda, Bernard Agwanda, Wanda Markotter, M. Ryan Weil, Joel M. Montgomery, Charles E. Rupprecht, and Barry R. Miller

TUPINAMBIS MERIANAE(Argentine Giant Tegu); PANTHERO- PHIS GUTTATUS (Red Cornsnake). NON-PREDATORY KILLING, Bernard W. Kaiser, Kimberly J. Osorio, Kevin M. Enge, and Richard M. Engeman

Avian Influenza Infection Alters Fecal Odor in Mallards, Bruce A. Kimball, Kunio Yamazaki, Dennis Kohler, Richard A. Bowen, Jack P. Muth, Maryanne Opiekun, and Gary K. Beauchamp

Home Ranges and Habitat Use of Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, D. Tommy King, Buddy L. Goatchter, Justin W. Fischer, John Stanton, James M. Lacour, Scott C. Lemmons, and Guiming Wang

Comparisons between blackbird damage to corn and sunflower in North Dakota, Megan E. Klosterman, George M. Linz, Anthony Slowik, and H. Jeffrey Homan

A Comparison of Methods for Monitoring Kit Foxes at Den Sites, Bryan M. Kluever, Eric M. Gese, Steven J. Dempsey, and Robert N. Knight

Assessing wolves and cougars as conservation surrogates, Kyran E. Kunkel, T. C. Atwood, T. K. Ruth, Daniel H. Pletscher, and M. G. Hornocker

Characterization of Regionally Associated Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) in Bobcats (Lynx rufus), Danielle M. Lagana, Justin S. Lee, Jesse S. Lewis, Sarah N. Bevins, Scott Carver, Linda L. Sweanor, Roy McBride, Caleb McBride, Kevin R. Crooks, and Sue VandeWoude

Feral swine brucellosis in the United States and prospective genomic techniques for disease epidemiology, Owen P. Leiser, Joseph L. Corn, Brandon S. Schmit, Paul S. Keim, and Jeffrey T. Foster

Feral cat management, Christopher A. Lepcyzk, Sheila Conant, David Duffy, David M. Bird, Michael Calver, Fern P. Duval, Michael Hutchins, Cheryl A. Lohr, Kerrie Anne Loyd, Peter P. Marra, William C. Pitt, Grant Sizemore, Rachel Sprague, Stanley A. Temple, Yolanda van Heezik, and George Wallace

Demonstration of Avian Control® bird repellent (a.i., methyl anthranilate) for managing blackbird damage to ripening sunflower., George M. Linz and H. Jeffrey Homan

Avian mortality at communication towers in the United States and Canada: which species, how many, and where?, Travis Longcore, Catherine Rich, Pierre Mineau, Beau MacDonald, Daniel G. Bert, Lauren M. Sullivan, Erin Mutrie, Sidney A. Gauthreaux Jr., Michael L. Avery, Robert L. Crawford, Albert M. Manville II, Emilie R. Travis, and David Drake

A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: are bats special?, Angela D. Luis, David T. S. Hayman, Thomas J. O'Shea, Paul M. Cryan, Amy T. Gilbert, Juliet R. C. Pulliam, James N. Mills, Mary E. Timonin, Craig K. R. Willis, Andrew A. Cunningham, Anthony R. Fooks, Charles E. Rupprecht, James L. N. Wood, and Colleen T. Webb

Wildlife Conservation and Alternative Land Uses at Airports, James A. Martin, Tara J. Conkling, Jerrold L. Belant, Kristin M. Biondi, Bradley F. Blackwell, Travis L. DeVault, Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, Paige M. Schmidt, and Thomas W. Seamans

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 11 Wildlife Conservation and Alternative Land Uses at Airports, James A. Martin, Tara J. Conkling, Jerrold L. Belant, Kristin M. Biondi, Bradley F. Blackwell, Travis L. DeVault, Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, Paige M. Schmidt, and Thomas W. Seamans

Nonsurgical fertility control for managing free-roaming dog populations: A review of products and criteria for field applications, Giovanna Massei and Lowell A. Miller

Efficacy of Electronet Fencing for Excluding Coyotes: A Case Study for Enhancing Production of Black-Footed Ferrets, Marc R. Matchett, Stewart W. Breck, and John Callon

Pheromonal control of the invasive brown treesnake: potency of female sexual attractiveness pheromone varies with ovarian state, Tom Mathies, Breanna Levine, Richard M. Engeman, and Julie A. Savidge

The use of DiazaCon™ to limit fertility by reducing serum cholesterol in female grey squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, Brenda A. Mayle, Mark Ferryman, Andrew Peace, Christi A. Yoder, Lowell A. Miller, and David Cowan

TWENTY YEARS OF IMMUNOCONTRACEPTIVE RESEARCH: LESSONS LEARNED, Lowell A. Miller, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, and Douglas C. Eckery

Use of a GnRH vaccine, GonaConTM, for prevention and treatment ofadrenocortical disease (ACD) in domestic ferrets, Lowell A. Miller, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Robert A. Wagner, and Mark Finkler

Is propagule size the critical factor in predicting introduction outcomes in passeriform birds?, Michael P. Moulton, Wendell P. Cropper Jr., and Michael L. Avery

Intranasal Inoculation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Lyophilized Chronic Wasting Disease Prion Particulate Complexed to Montmorillonite Clay, Tracy A. Nichols, Terry R. Spraker, Tara D. Rigg, Crystal Meyerett-Reid, Clare Hoover, Brady Michel, Jifeng Bian, Edward Hoover, Thomas Gidlewski, Aru Balachandran, Katherine O'Rourke, Glenn C. Telling, Richard Bowen, Mark D. Zabel, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Open Field Test with Avipel Bird Repellent: Year I, Megan Niner, George M. Linz, Jeffrey Homan, and Mark Clark

FAILURE OF TRANSMISSION OF LOW-PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS BETWEEN MALLARDS AND FRESHWATER SNAILS: AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION, Paul T. Oesterle, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Darcy Orahood, Nicole Mooers, Heather Sullivan, Alan B. Franklin, and J. Jeffrey Root

Detection of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Waterbirds in the Rift Valley of Kenya Using Fecal Sampling, Victor O. Ofula, Alan B. Franklin, J. Jeffrey Root, Heather J. Sullivan, Patrick Gichuki, Albina Makio, Wallace Bulimo, Bernard O. Abong'o, Muchane Muchai, and David Schnabel