
U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications
National Wildlife Research Center
NWRC Website4101 LaPorte Avenue
Fort Collins, CO 80521
tel: (970) 266-6000 fax: (970) 266-6032
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the federal institution devoted to resolving problems caused by the interaction of wild animals and society. The Center applies scientific expertise to the development of practical methods to resolve these problems and to maintain the quality of the environments shared with wildlife.
This site contains publications of the NWRC or its staff. Material prepared by employees of the US Government in the course of their official duties cannot be copyrighted.
2018
Mitochondrial genome of an Allegheny Woodrat (Neotoma magister), Mandy Schofield, Joseph Duchamp, Jeffery L. Larkin, Timothy J. Smyser, and Jacqueline M. Doyle
Behavioral and spatial responses of captive coyotes to human activity, Jeffrey T. Schultz and Julie K. Young
ENCLOSURE UTILIZATION AND ENRICHMENT STRUCTURE PREFERENCES OF CAPTIVE COYOTES, Jeffrey T. Schultz and Julie K. Young
Falcons using orchard nest boxes reduce fruit-eating bird abundances and provide economic benefits for a fruit-growing region, Megan E. Shave, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Julie L. Elser, and Catherine A. Lindell
Diets of Kauai’s invasive rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri): evidence of seed predation and dispersal in a human-altered landscape, Aaron B. Shiels, William P. Bukoski, and Shane R. Siers
Invasive Rats (Rattus sp.), but not always Mice (Mus musculus), are Ubiquitous at All Elevations and Habitats within the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico, Aaron B. Shiels and Gabriela E. Ramirez de Arellano
Estimating the economic impact of canine rabies to Viet Nam 2005–2014, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Vienna R. Brown, Thu Trang Dao, Julie Elser, Hoang Xuan Trung, Nguyen Ngoc Tien, Nguyen Thi Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, Arthorn Riewpaiboon, Karina Ernst, Steven Shwiff, and David Payne
Cost–benefit analysis of controlling rabies: placing economics at the heart of rabies control to focus political will, Stephanie A. Shwiff, J. L. Elser, K. H. Ernst, S. S. Shwiff, and A. M. Anderson
Economics of Invasive Species Damage and Damage Management, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Steven S. Shwiff, Jason Holderieath, William Haden-Chomphosy, and Aaron M. Anderson
Behavioral differences following ingestion of large meals and consequences for management of a harmful invasive snake: A field experiment, Shane R. Siers, Amy A. Yackel Adams, and Robert N. Reed
Potential secondary poisoning risks to non-targets from a sodium nitrite toxic bait for invasive wild pigs, Nathan P. Snow, Justin A. Foster, Eric H. VanNatta, Katherine E. Horak, Simon T. Humphrys, Linton D. Staples, David G. Hewitt, and Kurt C. Vercauteren
Exposure of a population of invasive wild pigs to simulated toxic bait containing biomarker: implications for population reduction, Nathan P. Snow, Michael J. Lavelle, Joseph M. Halseth, Michael P. Glow, Eric H. VanNatta, Amy J. Davis, Kim M. Pepin, Rustin T. Tabor, Bruce R. Leland, Linton D. Staples, and Kurt C. VerCauteren
Regional-Based Mitigation to Reduce Wildlife–Vehicle Collisions, Nathan P. Snow, Zhen Zhang, Andrew O. Finley, Brent A. Rudolph, William F. Porter, David M. Williams, and Scott R. Winterstein
Chemical composition of glandular secretions from a pair-living monogamous primate: Sex, age, and gland differences in captive and wild owl monkeys (Aotus spp.), Andrea Spence-Aizenberg, Bruce A. Kimball, Lawrence E. Williams, and Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
Evaluation of the palatability and toxicity of candidate baits and toxicants for mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus), Robert T. Sugihara, William C. Pitt, Are R. Berentsen, and Cynthia G. Payne
BOOK REVIEW, Jimmy D. Taylor
The Role of Dog Population Management in Rabies Elimination—A Review of Current Approaches and Future Opportunities, Louise H. Taylor, Ryan M. Wallace, Deepashree Balaram, Joann M. Lindenmayer, Douglas C. Eckery, Beryl Mutonono-Watkiss, Ellie Parravani, and Louis H. Nel
Anticoagulant Rodenticides and Wildlife: Concluding Remarks, Nico W. van den Brink, John E. Elliot, Richard F. Shore, and Barnett A. Rattner
Anticoagulant Rodenticides and Wildlife: Introduction, Nico W. van den Brink, John E. Elliott, Richard F. Shore, and Barnett A. Rattner
State Management of Human– Wildlife Conflicts, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Daniel Hirchert, and Scott Hygnstrom
Persistent Spillback of Bovine Tuberculosis From White-Tailed Deer to Cattle in Michigan, USA: Status, Strategies, and Needs, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, and Henry Campa III
Phase 2 Wildlife Management - Addressing Invasive and Overabundant Wildlife: The White-tailed Deer Continuum and Invasive Wild Pig Example, Kurt Vercauteren, Amy Davis, and Kim Pepin
Intercanine width measurements to aid predation investigations: a comparison between sympatric native and non-native carnivores in the Mexican wolf recovery area, Tana Verzuh, David L. Bergman, Scott C. Bender, Maggie Dwire, and Stewart W. Breck
Perspectives on Existing and Potential New Alternatives to Anticoagulant Rodenticides and the Implications for Integrated Pest Management, Gary W. Witmer
A Cage Efficacy Study of Sodium Nitrite Formulations for Rodent Control, Gary W. Witmer, Rachael Moulton, and Celeste Samura
Cage efficacy study of an experimental rodenticide using wild-caught house mice, Gary W. Witmer, Rachael Moulton, and Celeste Samura
Conclusions, Challenges, and Research Needs, Gary W. Witmer, William C. Pitt, and James C. Beasley
Introduction, Gary W. Witmer, William C. Pitt, and James C. Beasley
Ecology, Impacts, and Management of Invasive Rodents in the United States, Gary W. Witmer and Aaron B. Shiels
EVIDENCE OF TWO COCIRCULATING CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS STRAINS IN MESOCARNIVORES FROM NORTHERN COLORADO, USA, Darren J. Wostenberg, Nikki Walker, Karen A. Fox, Terry R. Spraker, Antoinette J. Piaggio, and Amy Gilbert
Bad dog: feral and free-roaming dogs as agents of conflict, Julie K. Young, D. L. Bergman, and M. Ono
Experimental tests of nonsurgical reproductive inhibitors to prevent coyote reproduction, Julie K. Young, Marjorie J. MacGregor, Eric M. Gese, and Douglas C. Eckery
Tissue tropisms opt for transmissible reassortants during avian and swine influenza A virus co-infection in swine, Xiaojian Zhang, Hailiang Sun, Fred L. Cunningham, Lei Li, Katie Hanson-Dorr, Matthew W. Hopken, Jim Cooley, Li-Ping Long, John A. Baroch, Tao Li, Brandon S. Schmit, Xiaoxu Lin, Alicia K. Olivier, Richard G. Jarman, Thomas J. DeLiberto, and Xiu-Feng Wan
2017
Determination of 20, 25-diazacholesterol in avian matrices by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, Benjamin G. Abbo, Laura E. Hulslander, and David A. Goldade
Reprint of: CYP1A protein expression and catalytic activity in double-crested cormorants experimentally exposed to deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon 252 oil, Courtney R. Alexander, Michael J. Hooper, Dave Cacela, Kim D. Smelker, Caleshia S. Calvin, Karen M. Dean, Steve J. Bursian, Fred L. Cunningham, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Katherine E. Horak, John P. Isanhart, Jane Link, Susan A. Shriner, and Céline A.J. Godard-Codding
Can we save large carnivores without losing large carnivore science?, Benjamin L. Allen, Lee R. Allen, Henrik Andrén, Guy Ballard, Luigi Boitani, Richard M. Engeman, Peter J. S. Fleming, Adam T. Ford, Peter M. Haswell, Rafal Kowalczyk, John D. C. Linnell, L. David Mech, and Daniel M. Parker
Large carnivore science: non-experimental studies are useful, but experiments are better, Benjamin L. Allen, Lee R. Allen, Henrik Andrén, Guy Ballard, Luigi Boitani, Richard M. Engeman, Peter J. S. Fleming, Adam T. Ford, Peter M. Haswell, Rafal Kowalczyk, John D. C. Linnell, L. David Mech, and Daniel M. Parker
Wetland Bird Abundance and Safety Implications for Military Aircraft Operations, Kent Andersson, Craig A. Davis, Bradley F. Blackwell, and Jason R. Heinen
Wetland Bird Abundance and Safety Implications for Military Aircraft Operations, Kent Andersson, Craig A. Davis, Bradley F. Blackwell, and Jason R. Heinen
Frightening Devices, Michael L. Avery and Scott J. Werner
Novel and current rodenticides for pocket gopher Thomomys spp. management in vineyards: what works?, Roger A. Baldwin, Ryan Meinerz, and Gary W. Witmer
Panmixia and Limited Interspecific Introgression in Coyotes (Canis latrans) from West Virginia and Virginia, USA, Justin H. Bohling, Lauren L. Mastro, Jennifer R. Adams, Eric M. Gese, Sheldon F. Owen, and Lisette P. Waits
Using resident-based hazing programs to reduce human–coyote conflicts in urban environments, Mary Ann Bonnell and Stewart W. Breck
Evaluating lethal and nonlethal management options for urban coyotes, Stewart W. Breck, Sharon A. Poessel, and Mary Ann Bonnell
A review of virulent Newcastle disease viruses in the United States and the role of wild birds in viral persistence and spread, Vienna R. Brown and Sarah N. Bevins
Reprint of: Overview of avian toxicity studies for the Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment, S. J. Bursian, C. R. Alexander, D. Cacela, Fred L. Cunningham, K. M. Dean, B. S. Dorr, C. K. Ellis, Céline A.J. Godard-Codding, C. G. Guglielmo, K. C. Hanson-Dorr, K. E. Harr, K. Healy, Michael J. Hooper, K. E. Horak, John P. Isanhart, L. V. Kennedy, J. E. Link, I. Maggini, J. K. Moye, C. R. Perez, C. A. Pritsos, Susan A. Shriner, K. A. Trust, and P. L. Tuttle
Influence of Precipitation and Crop Germination on Resource Selection by Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Southwest Colorado, Emily M. Carrollo, Heather E. Johnson, Justin W. Fischer, Matthew Hammond, Patricia D. Dorsey, Charles Anderson, Kurt C. Vercauteren, and W. David Walter
Field-based evaluation of a male-specific (F+) RNA coliphage concentration method, J. C. Chandler, A. Pérez-Méndez, J. Paar III, M. M. Doolittle, B. Bisha, and L. D. Goodridge
Field-based evaluation of a male-specific (F+) RNA coliphage concentration method, J. C. Chandler, A. Pérez-Méndez, J. Paar III, M. M. Doolittle, B. Bisha, and L. D. Goodridge
A method for the improved detection of aerosolized influenza viruses and the male-specific (F+) RNA coliphage MS2, J. C. Chandler, J. W. Schaeffer, M. Davidson, S. L. Magzamen, A. Pérez-Méndez, S. J. Reynolds, L. D. Goodridge, J. Volckens, A. B. Franklin, S. A. Shriner, and B. Bisha
Effects of crop type and harvest on nest survival and productivity of dickcissels in semi-natural grasslands, Tara J. Conkling, Jerrold L. Belant, Travis L. DeVault, and James A. Martin
Development of methods for avian oil toxicity studies using the double crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), Fred L. Cunningham; Karen Dean; Katie C. Hanson-Dorr; Kendal Harr; Kate Healy; Katherine E. Horak; Jane Link; Susan A. Shriner; Steve J. Bursian; and Brian S, Dorr
Impact of body condition on influenza A virus infection dynamics in mallards following a secondary exposure, Nicholas G. Dannemiller, Colleen T. Webb, Kenneth R. Wilson, Kevin T. Bentler, Nicole L. Mooers, Jeremy W. Ellis, J. Jeffrey Root, Alan B. Franklin, and Susan A. Shriner
Estimating population density for disease risk assessment: The importance of understanding the area of influence of traps using wild pigs as an example, Amy J. Davis, Bruce Leland, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and Kim M. Pepin
Changes in white cell estimates and plasma chemistry measurements following oral or external dosing of double-crested cormorants, Phalacocorax auritus, with artificially weathered MC252 oil, Karen M. Dean, Steven J. Bursian, Dave Cacela, Michael W. Carney, Fred L. Cunningham, Brian S. Dorr, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Kate A. Healy, Katherine E. Horak, Jane E. Link, Ian Lipton, Andrew K. McFadden, Moira A. McKernan, and Kendal E. Harr
Changes in white cell estimates and plasma chemistry measurements following oral or external dosing of double-crested cormorants, Phalacocorax auritus, with artificially weathered MC252 oil, Karen M. Dean, Steven J. Bursian, Dave Cacela, Michael W. Carney, Fred L. Cunningham, Brian S. Dorr, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Kate A. Healy, Katherine E. Horak, Jane E. Link, Ian Lipton, Andrew K. McFadden, Moira A. McKernan, and Kendal E. Harr
Testing of an oral dosing technique for double-crested cormorants, Phalacocorax auritus, laughing gulls, Leucophaeus atricilla, homing pigeons, Columba livia, and western sandpipers, Calidris mauri, with artificially weather MC252 oil, Karen M. Dean, Dave Cacela, Michael W. Carney, F. L. Cunningham, C. Ellis, A. R. Gerson, C. G. Guglielmo, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, K. E. Harr, Katherine A. Healy, Katherine E. Horak, John P. Isanhart, L. V. Kennedy, J. E. Link, I. Lipton, Andrew K. McFadden, J. K. Moye, C. R. Perez, C. A. Pritsos, Karen L. Pritsos, Thivanka Muthumalage, S. A. Shriner, and S. J. Bursian
Can experience reduce collisions between birds and vehicles?, T. L. DeVault, T. W. Seamans, Bradley F. Blackwell, S. L. Lima, M. A. Martinez, and E. Fernandez-Juricic
Scavenger removal of bird carcasses at simulated wind turbines: Does carcass type matter?, Travis L. DeVault, Thomas W. Seamans, Kimberly E. Linnell, Dale W. Sparks, and James C. Beasley
Education is not a panacea for reducing human–black bear conflicts, Alia M. Dietsch, Kristina M. Slagle, Sharon Baruch-Mordo, Stewart W. Breck, and Lana M. Ciarniello
Survival and habitat selection of Canada Geese during autumn and winter in metropolitan Chicago, USA, Brett E. Dorak, MIchael P. Ward, Michael W. Eichholz, Brian E. Washburn, Timothy P. Lyons, and Heath M. Hagy
The Rise of Double-Crested Cormorants, Brian S. Dorr and Dave Fielder
Double-Crested Cormorants: Too Much of a Good Thing?, Brian S. Dorr and David G. Fielder
Using pentosidine and hydroxyproline to predict age and sex in an avian species, Brian S. Dorr, Randal S. Stahl, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, and Carol A. Furcolow
Control of invasive rats on islands and priorities for future action, Quiterie Duron, Aaron B. Shiels, and Eric Vidal
Use of fecal volatile organic compound analysis to discriminate between nonvaccinated and BCG-Vaccinated cattle prior to and after Mycobacterium bovis challenge, Christine K. Ellis, Somchai Rice, Devin Maurer, Randal S. Stahl, W. Ray Waters, Mitchell V. Palmer, Pauline Nol, Jack C. Rhyan, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and Jacek A. Koziel
Inventory of wildlife use of mortality pits as feeding sites: implications of pathogen exposure, Jeremy W. Ellis, Susan A. Shriner, Hailey E. McLean, Lauren Petersen, and J. Jeffrey Root
Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination, Stacey A. Elmore, Richard B. Chipman, Dennis Slate, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and Amy T. Gilbert
Study design concepts for inferring functional roles of mammalian top predators, Richard M. Engeman, Lee R. Allen, and Benjamin L. Allen
Prevalence of feral swine disturbance at important archaeological sites over a large landscape in Florida, Richard M. Engeman, Joseph S. Meyer, and John B. Allen
Addressing the Gender Gap in Distinguished Speakers at Professional Ecology Conferences, Cooper M. Farr, Sara P. Bombaci, Travis Gallo, Anna M. Mangan, Hannah L. Riedl, Lani T. Stinson, Kate Wilkins, Drew E. Bennett, Theresa Nogeire-McRae, and Liba Pejchar
Restricted cross-scale habitat selection by American beavers, Robert A. Francis, Jimmy D. Taylor, Eric Dibble, Bronson Strickland, Vanessa M. Petro, Christine Easterwood, and Guiming Wang
Space use and social ecology of coyotes (Canis latrans) in a high-elevation ecosystem: relative stability in a changing environment, Suzanne J. Gifford, Eric M. Gese, and Robert R. Parmenter
Movement of Hypophthalmichthys DNA in the Illinois River Watershed by the Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), Michael P. Guilfoyle, Heather L. Farrington, Richard F. Lance, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Brian S. Dorr, and Richard A. Fischer
Seasonal effects of wind conditions on migration patterns of soaring American white pelican, Javier Gutierrez Illan, Guiming Wang, Fred L. Cunningham, and D. Tommy King
Seasonal effects of wind conditions on migration patterns of soaring American white pelican, Javier Gutierrez Illan, Guiming Wang, Fred L. Cunningham, and D. Tommy King
Weathered MC252 crude oil-induced anemia and abnormal erythroid morphology in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) with light microscopic and ultrastructural description of Heinz bodies, K. E. Harr, Fred L. Cunningham, Chris A. Pritsos, Karen L. Pritsos, Thivanka Muthumalage, Brian S. Dorr, Katherine E. Horak, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Karen M. Dean, Dave Cacela, Andrew K. McFadden, Jane E. Link, Katherine A. Healy, Pete Tuttle, and Steven J. Bursian
Organ weights and histopathology of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) dosed orally or dermally with artificially weathered Mississippi Canyon 252 crude oil, K. E. Harr, Drury R. Reavill, Steven J. Bursian, Dave Cacela, Fred L. Cunningham, Karen M. Dean, Brian S. Dorr, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Kate Healy, Katherine E. Horak, Jane E. Link, Susan A. Shriner, and Robert E. Schmidt
Dermal exposure to weathered MC252 crude oil results in echocardiographically identifiable systolic myocardial dysfunction in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), K. E. Harr, M. Rishniw, T. L. Rupp, D. Cacela, K. M. Dean, B. S. Dorr, K. C. Hanson-Dorr, K. Healy, K. E. Horak, J. E. Link, D. Reavill, S. J. Bursian, and Fred L. Cunningham
Fine-scale assessment of home ranges and activity patterns for resident black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), Amanda E. Holland, Michael E. Byrne, A. Lawrence Bryan, Travis L. DeVault, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., and James C. Beasley
Picky eaters are rare: DNA-based blood meal analysis of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species from the United States, Matthew W. Hopken, Bonnie M. Ryan, Kathryn P. Huyvaert, and Antoinette J. Piaggio
Toxic effects of orally ingested oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill on laughing gulls, Katherine E. Horak, Steven J. Bursian, C. K. Ellis, K. M. Dean, J. E. Link, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, F. L. Cunningham, K. E. Harr, C. A. Pritsos, Karen L. Pritsos, Katherine A. Healy, Dave Cacela, and S. A. Shriner
Bird use of grain fields and implications for habitat management at airports, Raymond B. Iglay, Bruce N. Buckingham, Thomas W. Seamans, James A. Martin, Bradley F. Blackwell, Jerrold L. Belant, and Travis L. DeVault
An evaluation of the use of pentosidine as a biomarker for ageing turtles, John B. Iverson, Randal S. Stahl, Carol Furcolow, and Fred Kraus
High prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) on eastern Hawai`i Island: A closer look at life cycle traits and patterns of infection in wild rats (Rattus spp.), Susan I. Jarvi, Stefano Quarta, Steven Jacquier, Kathleen Howe, Denzi Bicakci, Crystal Dasalla, Noelle Lovesy, Kirsten Snook, Robert McHugh, and Chris N. Niebuhr
Human development and climate affect hibernation in a large carnivore with implications for human–carnivore conflicts, Heather E. Johnson, David L. Lewis, Tana L. Verzuh, Cody F. Wallace, Rebecca M. Much, Lyle K. Willmarth, and Stewart W. Breck
Quantifying drivers of wild pig movement across multiple spatial and temporal scales, Shannon L. Kay, Justin W. Fischer, Andrew J. Monaghan, James C. Beasley, Raoul Boughton, Tyler A. Campbell, Susan M. Cooper, Stephen S. Ditchkoff, Steve B. Hartley, John C. Kilgo, Samantha M. Wisely, A. Christy Wyckoff, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and Kim M. Pepin
Effects of scale of movement, detection probability, and true population density on common methods of estimating population density, David A. Keiter, Amy J. Davis, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., Fred L. Cunningham, John C. Kilgo, Kim M. Pepin, and James C. Beasley
Development of known-fate survival monitoring techniques for juvenile wild pigs (Sus scrofa), David A. Keiter, John C. Kilgo, Mark A. Vukovich, Fred L. Cunningham, and James C. Beasley
Development of known-fate survival monitoring techniques for juvenile wild pigs (Sus scrofa), David A. Keiter, John C. Kilgo, Mark A. Vukovich, Fred L. Cunningham, and James C. Beasley
Temporal Development of Gut Microbiota in Triclocarban Exposed Pregnant and Neonatal Rats, Rebekah C. Kennedy, Russell R. Fling, Michael S. Robeson, Arnold M. Saxton, Robert L. Donnell, John L. Darcy, David A. Bemis, Jiang Liu, Ling Zhao, and Jiangang CHen
Winter and Summer Home Ranges of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) Captured at Loafing Sites in the Southeastern United States, D. Tommy King, Justin W. Fischer, Bronson K. Strickland, W. David Walter, Fred L. Cunningham, and Guiwang Wang
Advances and Environmental Conditions of Spring Migration Phenology of American White Pelicans, D. Tommy King, Guiming Wang, Zhiqiang Yang, and Justin W. Fischer
Evaluating the influence of water developments on the demography and spatial ecology of a rare, desert-adapted carnivore: the kit fox (Vulpes macrotis), Bryan M. Kluever and Eric M. Gese
Influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore, Bryan M. Kluever, Eric M. Gese, and Steven J. Dempsey
The Future of Blackbird Management Research, Page E. Klug
An assessment of radiative heating as a thermal treatment for invasive snakes in cargo, Fred Kraus, Randal S. Stahl, and William Pitt
Attractants for wild pigs: current use, availability, needs, and future potential, Michael J. Lavelle, Nathan P. Snow, Justin W. Fischer, Joe M. Halseth, Eric H. VanNatta, and Kurt C. VerCauteren
Reoccurrence of Avian Influenza A(H5N2) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4 in Wild Birds, Alaska, USA, 2016, Dong-Hun Lee, Mia K. Torchetti, Mary Lea Killian, Thomas J. DeLiberto, and David E. Swayne
The effects of demographic, social, and environmental characteristics on pathogen prevalence in wild felids across a gradient of urbanization, Jesse S. Lewis, Kenneth A. Logan, Mat W. Alldredge, Scott Carver, Sarah N. Bevins, Michael Lappin, Sue VandeWoude, and Kevin R. Crooks