U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The mission of USDA APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) is to provide federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts to allow people and wildlife to coexist. Wildlife Services conducts program delivery, research, and other activities through its regional and state offices, the National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), its field stations, as well as through its national programs.

2020

Interactions with humans shape coyote responses to hazing, Julie K. Young, Edd Hammill, and Stewart W. Breck

Tissue Tropisms of Avian Influenza A Viruses Affect Their Spillovers from Wild Birds to Pigs, Xiaojian Zhang, Fred L. Cunningham, Lei Li, Katie Hanson-Dorr, Liyuan Liu, Kaitlyn Waters, Minhui Guan, Alicia K. Olivier, Brandon S. Schmit, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Andrew S. Bowman, Mia Kim Torchetti, Thomas J. DeLiberto, and Xiu-Feng Wan

2019

A bioeconomic model for the optimization of local canine rabies control, Aaron Anderson, Johann Kotze, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Brody Hatch, Chris Slootmaker, Anne Conan, Darryn Knobel, and Louis H. Nel

Predation and disease-related economic impacts of wild pigs on livestock producers in 13 states, Aaron M. Anderson, Chris Slootmaker, Erin Harper, Ryan S. Miller, and Stephanie A. Shwiff

Tracking Canada geese near airports: using spatial data to better inform management, Ryan Askren, Brett E. Dorak, Heath M. Hagy, Michael W. Eichholz, Brian E. Washburn, and Michael P. Ward

Non-native insects dominate daytime pollination in a high-elevation Hawaiian dryland ecosystem, Clare E. Aslan, Aaron B. Shiels, William Haines, and Christina T. Liang

Survival, fidelity, and dispersal of Double-crested Cormorants on two Lake Michigan islands, Christopher R. Ayers, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Ken Stromborg, Todd W. Arnold, Jacob S. Ivan, and Brian S. Dorr

Typha (Cattail) Invasion in North American Wetlands: Biology, Regional Problems, Impacts, Ecosystem Services, and Management, Sheel Bansal, Shane C. Lishawa, Sue Newman, Brian A. Tangen, Douglas Wilcox, Dennis Albert, Michael J. Anteau, Michael J. Chimney, Ryann L. Cressey, Edward DeKeyser, Kenneth J. Elgersma, Sarah A. Finkelstein, Joanna Freeland, Richard Grosshans, Page E. Klug, Daniel J. Larkin, Beth A. Lawrence, George Linz, Joy Marburger, Gregory Noe, Clint Otto, Nicholas Reo, Jennifer Richards, Curtis Richardson, LeRoy Rodgers, Amy J. Schrank, Dan Svedarsky, Steven Travis, Nancy Tuchman, and Lisamarie Windham-Myers

Ecological Functions of Vertebrate Scavenging, James C. Beasley, Zachary H. Olson, Nuria Selva, and Travis L. DeVault

NECROBIOME FRAMEWORK FOR BRIDGING DECOMPOSITION ECOLOGY OF AUTOTROPHICALLY AND HETEROTROPHICALLY DERIVED ORGANIC MATTER, Mark Eric Benbow, Philip S. Barton, Michael D. Ulyshen, James C. Beasley, Travis L. DeVault, Michael S. Strickland, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Heather R. Jordan, and Jennifer L. Pechal

Necrobiome framework for bridging decomposition ecology of autotrophically and heterotrophically derived organic matter, M. Eric Benbow, Philip S. Barton, Michael D. Ulyshen, James C. Beasley, Travis L. DeVault, Michael S. Strickland, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Heather R. Jordan, and Jennifer L. Pechal

Analysis of Iophenoxic Acid Analogues in Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes Auropunctatus) Sera for Use as an Oral Rabies Vaccination Biological Marker, Are R. Berentsen, Robert T. Sugihara, Cynthia G. Payne, Israel Leinbach, Steven F. Volker, Ad Vos, Steffen Ortmann, and Amy T. Gilbert

Parasitism, host behavior, and invasive species, Sarah N. Bevins

TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN ARCTIC FOXES (VULPES LAGOPUS): A LONG-TERM MARK-RECAPTURE SEROLOGIC STUDY AT KARRAK LAKE, NUNAVUT, CANADA, Emilie Bouchard, Stacey A. Elmore, Ray T. Alisauskas, Gustaf Samelius, Alvin A. Gajadhar, Keaton Schmidt, Sasha Ross, and Emily J. Jenkins

Road hogs: Implications from GPS collared feral swine in pastureland habitat on the general utility of road-based observation techniques for assessing abundance, Raoul K. Boughton, Benjamin L. Allen, Eric A. Tillman, Samantha M. Wisely, and Richard M. Engeman

The intrepid urban coyote: a comparison of bold and exploratory behavior in coyotes from urban and rural environments, Stewart W. Breck, Sharon A. Poessel, Peter Mahoney, and Julie K. Young

Potential role of wildlife in the USA in the event of a foot-and-mouth disease virus incursion, Vienna R. Brown and Sarah N. Bevins

Estimating waterbird abundance on catfish aquaculture ponds using an unmanned aerial system, Paul C. Burr, Sathishkumar Samiappan, Lee A. Hathcock, Robert J. Moorhead, and Brian S. Dorr

A potential new tool for the toolbox: assessing gene drives for eradicating invasive rodent populations, K. J. Campbell, J.R. Saah, P.R. Brown, J. Godwin, G.R. Howald, A. Piaggio, P. Thomas, D.M. Tompkins, D. Threadgill, J. Delborne, D.M. Kanavy, T. Kuiken, H. Packard, M. Serr, and A. Shiels

Wildlife Management Practices Associated with Pathogen Exposure in Non-NativeWild Pigs in Florida, U.S., Amanda N. Carr, Michael P. Milleson, Felipe A. Hernandez, Hunter R. Merrill, Michael L. Avery, and Samantha M. Wisely

Isolation of Rabies Virus from the Salivary Glands of Wild and Domestic Carnivores during a Skunk Rabies Epizootic, Cornell University Jimenez, Terry R. Spraker, Jessica Anderson, Richard Bowen, and Amy Gilbert

Confronting models with data: the challenges of estimating disease spillover, Paul C. Cross, Diann J. Prosser, Andrew M. Ramey, Ephraim M. Hanks, and Kim M. Pepin

Behavioral flexibility of a generalist carnivore, Sarah E. Daniels, Rachel E. Fanelli, Amy Gilbert, and Sarah Sarah Benson‑Amram

Not all surveillance data are created equal—A multi‐method dynamic occupancy approach to determine rabies elimination from wildlife, Amy J. Davis, Jordona D. Kirby, Richard B. Chipman, Kathleen M. Nelson, Tatiana Xifara, Colleen T. Webb, Ryan Wallace, Amy T. Gilbert, and Kim M. Pepin

Rabies Surveillance Identifies Potential Risk Corridors and Enables Management Evaluation, Amy J. Davis, Kathleen M. Nelson, Jordana D. Kirby, Ryan M. Wallace, Xiaoyue Ma, Kim M. Pepin, Richard B. Chipman, and Amy Gilbert

Effects of Repeated Sublethal External Exposure to Deep Water Horizon Oil on the Avian Metabolome, Brian S. Dorr, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, Fariba M. Assadi-Porter, Ebru Selin Selen, Katherine A. Healy, and Katherine E. Horak

Comparison of the efficacy of four drug combinations for immobilization of wild pigs, Christine K. Ellis, Morgan E. Wehtje, Lisa L. Wolfe, Peregrine L. Wolff, Clayton D. Hilton, Mark C. Fisher, Shari Green, Michael P. Glow, Joeseph M. Halseth, Michael J. Lavelle, Nathan P. Snow, Eric H. VanNatta, Jack C. Rhyan, Kurt C. VerCauteren, William R. Lance, and Pauline Nol

Economic and livestock health impacts of birds on dairies: Evidence from a survey of Washington dairy operators, Julie L. Elser, Amber L. Adams Progar, Karen M.M. Steensma, Tyler P. Caskin, Susan R. Kerr, and Stephanie A. Shwiff

Feral swine harming insular sea turtle reproduction: The origin, impacts, behavior and elimination of an invasive species, Richard M. Engeman, Robert W. Byrd, Jamie Dozier, Mark A. McAlister, James O. Edens, Elizabeth M. Kierepka, Timothy J. Smyser, and Noel Myers

Invasive feral swine damage to globally imperiled steephead ravine habitats and influences from changes in population control effort, climate, and land use, Richard M. Engeman, Erica Laine, John Allen, Jeremy Preston, William Pizzolato, Brett Williams, Amanda Stevens Kreider, and Dennis Teague

Locating and eliminating feral swine from a large area of fragmented mixed forest and agriculture habitats in north-central USA, Richard M. Engeman, Bradley E. Wilson, Scott F. Beckerman, Justin W. Fischer, Doug Dufford, and James Bryan Cobban

The economic impacts of blackbird (Icteridae) damage to sunflower in the USA, Karina Ernst, Julie Elser, George Linz, Hans Kandel, Jason Holderieath, Samantha DeGroot, Steven Shwiff, and Stephanie Shwiff

Discovery and Characterization of Bukakata orbivirus (Reoviridae:Orbivirus), a Novel Virus from a Ugandan Bat, Anna C. Fagre, Justin S. Lee, Robert M. Kityo, Nicholas A. Bergren, Eric C. Mossel, Teddy Nakayiki, Betty Nalikka, Luke Nyakarahuka, Amy Gilbert, Julian Kerbis Peterhans, Mary B. Crabtree, Jonathan S. Towner, Brian R. Amman, Tara K. Sealy, Amy J. Schuh, Stuart T. Nichol, Julius J. Lutwama, Barry R. Miller, and Rebekah C. Kading

American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) Growth, Nutrition and Immunology, Treena L. Ferguson, Brian J. Rude, and D. Tommy King

Vision in an abundant North American bird: The Red-winged Blackbird, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Patrice E. Baumhardt, Luke P. Tyrrell, Amanda Elmore, Shelagh T. DeLiberto, and Scott J. Werner

Use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and multispectral imagery for quantifying agricultural areas damaged by wild pigs, Justin W. Fischer, Kelsey Greiner, Mark W. Lutman, Bryson L. Webber, and Kurt C. Vercauteren

Extreme site fidelity as an optimal strategy in an unpredictable and homogeneous environment, Brian D. Gerber, Mevin B. Hooten, Christopher P. Peck, Mindy B. Rice, James H. Gammonley, Anthony D. Apa, and Amy J. Davis

Injury Scores and Spatial Responses of Wolves Following Capture: Cable Restraints Versus Foothold Traps, Eric M. Gese, Patricia A. Terletzky, John D. Erb, Kevin C. Fuller, Jeffery P. Grabarkewitz, John P. Hart, Carolin Humpal, Barry A. Sampson, and Julie K. Young

Food Habits of Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, Suzanne J. Gifford, Eric M. Gese, and Robert R. Parmenter

Determination of residue levels of the avicide 3-chloro-4-methylaniline hydrochloride in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, David A. Goldade, Kirsten R. Kim, James C. Carlson, and Steven F. Volker

Assessing public support for restrictions on transport of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in the United States, Meredith J. Grady, Erin E. Harper, Keith M. Carlisle, Karina H. Ernst, and Stephanie A. Shwiff

Taking the bait: species taking oral rabies vaccine baits intended for raccoons, Betsy S. Haley, Are R. Berentsen, and Richard M. Engeman

Taking the bait: Species taking oral rabies vaccine baits intended for raccoons, Betsy S. Haley, Are R. Berentsen, and Richard M. Engeman

Cause‐specific mortality of the world’s terrestrial vertebrates, Jacob E. Hill, Travis L. DeVault, and Jerrold L. Belant

Impact of the human footprint on anthropogenic mortality of North American reptiles, Jacob E. Hill, Travis L. DeVault, and Jerrold L. Belant

Forage or Biofuel: Assessing Native Warm-season Grass Production among Seed Mixes and Harvest Frequencies within a Wildlife Conservation Framework, Raymond B. Iglay, Tara J. Conkling, Travis L. DeVault, Jerrold L. Belant, and James A. Martin

Bourbon Virus in Wild and Domestic Animals, Missouri, USA, 2012–2013, Katelin C. Jackson, Thomas Gidlewski, J. Jeffrey Root, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, R. Ryan Lash, Jessica R. Harmon, Aaron C. Brault, Nicholas A. Panella, William L. Nicholson, and Nicholas Komar

Validation of a death assay for Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae (L3) using propidium iodide in a rat model (Rattus norvegicus), Susan I. Jarvi, John Jacob, Robert T. Sugihara, Israel L. Leinbach, Ina H. Klasner, Lisa M. Kaluna, Kirsten A. Snook, M. Kathleen Howe, Steven H. Jacquier, Ingo Lange, Abigail L. Atkinson, Ashley R. Deane, Chris N. Niebuhr, and Shane R. Siers

The tail wagging the dog: positive attitude towards livestock guarding dogs do not mitigate pastoralists’ opinions of wolves or grizzly bears, Daniel Kinka and Julie K. Young

Group effects of a non-native plant invasion on rodent abundance, Bryan M. Kluever, Trinity N. Smith, and Eric M. Gese

Epidemic growth rates and host movement patterns shape management performance for pathogen spillover at the wildlife–livestock interface, Kezia R. Manlove, Laura M. Sampson, Benny Borremans, E. Frances Cassirer, Ryan S. Miller, Kim M. Pepin, Thomas E. Besser, and Paul C. Cross

Home Range and Habitat Use of West Virginia Canis latrans (Coyote), Lauren M. Mastro, Dana J. Morin, and Eric M. Gese

Variation in host home range size decreases rabies vaccination effectiveness by increasing the spatial spread of rabies virus, Katherine M. McClure, Amy T. Gilbert, Richard B. ChipmaN, Erin E. Rees, and Kim M. Pepin

Macroeconomic impact of foot‐and‐mouth disease vaccination strategies for an outbreak in the Midwestern United States: A computable general equilibrium, Maryfrances Miller, Lirong Liu, Steven Shwiff, and Stephanie Shwiff

BOARD INVITED REVIEW: Prospects for improving management of animal disease introductions using disease-dynamic models, Ryan S. Miller and Kim M. Pepin

Carrion Availability in Space and Time, Marcos Moleón, Nuria Selva, David M. Bailey, David M. Bailey, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, and Travis L. DeVault

A review of rat lungworm infection and recent data on its definitive hosts in Hawaii, Chris Niebuhr, Susan I. Jarvi, and Shane R. Siers

RACCOON (PROCYON LOTOR) RESPONSE TO ONTARIO RABIES VACCINE BAITS (ONRAB) IN ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY, NEW YORK, USA, Kerri Pedersen, Amy T. Gilbert, Kathleen M. Nelson, Daniel P. Morgan, Amy J. Davis, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Dennis Slate, and Richard B. Chipman

The effect of high density oral rabies vaccine baiting on rabies virus neutralizing antibody response in raccoons (Procyon lotor), Kerri Pedersen, Amy Gilbert, Eric S. Wilhelm, Kathleen M. Nelson, Amy J. Davis, Jordona D. Kirby, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Shylo Johnson, and Richard B. Chipman

The conundrum of agenda-driven science in conservation, M. Zachariah Peery, Gavin M. Jones, R. J. Gutierrez, Steve M. Redpath, Alan B. Franklin, Daniel Simberloff, Monica G. Turner, Volker C. Radeloff, and Gary C. White

Improving risk assessment of the emergence of novel influenza A viruses by incorporating environmental surveillance, Kim M. Pepin, Matthew W. Hopken, Susan A. Shriner, Erica Spackman, Zaid Abdo, Colin Parrish, Steven Steven, James O. Lloyd-Smith, and Antoinette J. Piaggio

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers of Influenza A Seasonality in Wild Pig Populations, Kim M. Pepin, Kerri Pedersen, Xiu-Feng Wan, Fred L. Cunningham, Colleen T. Webb, and Mark Q. Wilber

Accounting for heterogeneous invasion rates reveals management impacts on the spatial expansion of an invasive species, Kim M. Pepin, David W. Wolfson, Ryan S. Miller, Michael A. Tabak, Nathan P. Snow, Kurt C. Vercauteren, and Amy J. Davis

Landscape Factors that Influence European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Nest Box Occupancy at NASA Plum Brook Station (PBS), Erie County, Ohio, USA, Morgan Pfeiffer, Thomas W. Seamans, Bruce N. Buckingham, and Bradley F. Blackwell

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Bird Harassment on Fish Ponds, Ciera A. Rhoades, Peter J. Allen, and D. Tommy King

Male Burmese pythons follow female scent trails and show sex-specific behaviors, Shannon A. Richard, Eric A. Tillman, John S. Humphrey, Michael L. Avery, and M. Rockwell Parker

What Are the Transmission Mechanisms of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Mammals?, J. Jeffrey Root

An evaluation of the registration and use prospects for four candidate toxicants for controlling invasive mongooses (Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus), Emily W. Ruell, Chris N. Niebuhr, Robert T. Sugihara, and Shane R. Siers

Scavenging in the Anthropocene: Human impact drives vertebrate scavenger species richness at a global scale, Esther Sebastián‐González, Jomar Magalhães Barbosa, Juan M. Pérez‐García, Zebensui Morales‐Reyes, Francisco Botella, Pedro P. Olea, Patricia Mateo‐Tomás, Marcos Moleón, Fernando Hiraldo, Eneko Arrondo, José A. Donázar, Ainara Cortés‐Avizanda, Nuria Selva, Sergio A. Lambertucci, Aishwarya Bhattacharjee, Alexis Brewer, Erin Abernethy, Olin E. Rhodes Jr., Kelsey Turner, James C. Beasley, Travis L. DeVault, Andrés Ordiz, Camilla Wikenros, Barbara Zimmermann, Petter Wabakken, Christopher C. Wilmers, Justine A. Smith, Corinne J. Kendall, Darcy Ogada, Evan R. Buechley, Ethan Frehner, Maximilian L. Allen, Heiko U. Wittmer, James R.A. Butler, Johan T. du Toit, John Read, David Wilson, Klemen Jerina, Miha Krofel, Rich Kostecke, Richard Inger, Arockianathan Samson, Lara Naves‐Alegre, and José A. Sánchez‐Zapata

Comparing live-capture methods for nutria: single- versus multiple-capture cage traps, Trevor R. Sheffels, Mark D. Sytsma, Jacoby Carter, and Jimmy D. Taylor

Effectiveness of snap and A24-automated traps and broadcast anticoagulant bait in suppressing commensal rodents in Hawaii, Aaron B. Shiels, Tyler Bogardus, Jobriath Rohrer, and Kapua Kawelo

Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 15. Psittacula krameri, the Rose-Ringed Parakeet (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae)1, Aaron B. Shiels and Nicholas P. Kalodimos

Trail cameras are a key monitoring tool for determining target and non-target bait-take during rodent removal operations: evidence from Desecheo Island rat eradication, Aaron B. Shiels, D. Will, C. Figuerola-Hernández, K.J. Swinnerton, S. Silander, C. Samra, and G.W. Witmer

In situ evaluation of an automated aerial bait delivery system for landscape-scale control of invasive brown treesnakes on Guam, Shane Siers, Will Pitt, John Eisemann, Larry Clark, Aaron B. Shiels, C. S. Clark, R. J. Gosnell, and M. C. Messaros

Low Secondary Risks for Captive Coyotes from a Sodium Nitrite Toxic Bait for Invasive Wild Pigs, Nathan P. Snow, Katherine E. Horak, Simon T. Humphrys, Linton D. Staples, David G. Hewitt, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Movement responses inform effectiveness and consequences of baiting wild pigs for population control, Nathan P. Snow and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Ecological interventions to prevent and manage zoonotic pathogen spillover, Susanne H. Sokolow, Nicole Nova, Kim M. Pepin, Alison J. Peel, Juliet R.C. Pulliam, Kezia Manlove, Paul C. Cross, Daniel J. Becker, Raina K. Plowright, Hamish McCallum, and Giulio A. De Leo

A model for the prediction of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli based on a comparative evaluation of fatty acid profiles, Randal S. Stahl, Bledar Bisha, Sebabrata Mahapatra, and Jeffrey C. Chandler

Locally Fixed Alleles: A method to localize gene drive to island populations, Jaye Sudweeks, Brandon Hollingsworth, Dimitri V. Blondel, Karl J. Campbell, Sumit Dhole, John D. Eisemann, Owain Edwards, John Godwin, Gregg R. Howald, Kevin P. Oh, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Thomas A.A. Prowse, Joshua V. Ross, J. Royden Saah, Aaron B. Shiels, Paul Q. Thomas, David W. Threadgill, Michael R. Vella, Fred Gould, and Alun L. Lloyd

Machine learning to classify animal species in camera trap images: Applications in ecology, Michael A. Tabak, Mohammad S. Norouzzadeh, David W. Wolfson, Steven J. Sweeney, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Nathan P. Snow, Joseph M. Halseth, Paul A. Di Salvo, Jesse S. Lewis, Michael D. White, Ben Teton, James C. Beasley, Peter E. Schlichting, Raoul K. Boughton, Bethany Wight, Eric S. Newkirk, Jacob S. Ivan, Eric A. Odell, Ryan K. Brook, Paul M. Lukacs, Anna K. Moeller, Elizabeth G. Mandeville, Jeff Clune, and Ryan S. Miller

Estimating economic impact of black bear damage to western conifers at a landscape scale, Jimmy D. Taylor, Kristina N. Kline, and Anita T. Morzillo

Experimental infections of Norway rats with avian‑derived low‑pathogenic influenza A viruses, Kaci K. VanDalen, Nicole M. Nemeth, Nicholas O. Thomas, Nicole L. Barrett, Jeremy W. Ellis, Heather J. Sullivan, Alan B. Franklin, and Susan A. Shriner

Double-crested cormorant colony effects on soil chemistry, vegetation structure and avian diversity, Leah Moran Veum, Brian S. Dorr, Katie C. Hanson-Dorr, R.J. Moore, and Scott A. Rush

Data of soil, vegetation and bird species found on double-crested cormorant colonies in the southeastern United States, Leah Moran Veum, Brian S. Dorr, Katie Hanson-Dorr, R. J. Moore, and Scott A. Rush

The Role of Scavenging in Disease Dynamics, Joaquín Vicente and Kurt C. Vercauteren

Evaluation of two unmanned aircraft systems as tools for protecting crops from blackbird damage, Lucas J. Wandrie, Page E. Klug, and Mark E. Clark

Habitat selection by American beaverat multiple spatial scales, Guiming Wang, Lance F. McClintic, and Jimmy D. Taylor

No detection of brodifacoum residues in the marine and terrestrial food web three years after rat eradication at Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific, A. Wegmann, G. Howald, S. Kropidlowski, N. Holmes, and A.B. Shiels

Application strategy for an anthraquinonebased repellent and the protection of soybeans from Canada goose depredation, Scott J. Werner, Matthew Gottlob, Charles D. Dieter, and Joshua D. Stafford

Predicting functional responses in agro-ecosystems from animal movement data to improve management of invasive pests, Mark Q. Wilber, Sarah M. Chinn, James C. Beasley, Raoul K. Bourghton, Ryan K. Brooks, Stephen S. Ditchkoff, Justin W. Fischer, Steve B. Hartley, Lindsey K. Holmstrom, John C. Kilgo, Jesse S. Lewis, Ryan S. Miller, Nathan P. Snow, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Samantha M. Wisely, Colleen T. Webb, and Kim M. Peen

The changing role of rodenticides and their alternatives in the management of commensal rodents, Gary Witmer

Black Bear Use of Forest Roads in Western Washington, Gary W. Witmer

Reducing Prairie Dog Populations and Damage by Castration of Dominant Males, Gary W. Witmer

Using DNA to Identify the Source of Invasive Mongooses, Herpestes auropunctatus (Carnivora: Herpestidae) Captured on Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, Darren J. Wostenberg, Matthew W. Hopken, Aaron B. Shiels, and Antoinette J. Piaggio

Contact rates with nesting birds before and after invasive snake removal: estimating the effects of trap-based control, Amy A. Yackel Adams, Melia G. Nafus, Page E. Klug, Björn Lardner, M.J. Mazurek, Julie A. Savidge, and Robert N. Reed

The past and future roles of competition and habitat in the range-wide occupancy dynamics of Northern Spotted Owls, Charles B. Yackulic, Larissa L. Bailey, Katie M. Dugger, Raymond J. Davis, Alan B. Franklin, Eric D. Forsman, Steven H. Ackers, Lawrence S. Andrews, Lowell V. Diller, Scott A. Gremel, Keith A. Hamm, Dale R. Herter, J. Mark Higley, Rob B. Horn, Christopher McCafferty, Janice A. Reid, Jeremy T. Rockweit, and Stan G. Sovern

Mind the Gap: Experimental Tests to Improve Efficacy of Fladry for Nonlethal Management of Coyotes, Julie K. Young, John Draper, and Stewart Breck

Persistence and conspecific observations improve problem-solving abilities of coyotes, Julie K. Young, Laura Touzot, and Stacey P. Brummer

Allowable Take of Black Vultures in the Eastern United States, Guthrie Zimmerman, Brian A. Millsap, Michael L. Avery, John R. Sauer, Michael C. Runge, and Kenneth D. Richkus

2018

Identifying individual cougars (Puma concolor) in remote camera images – implications for population estimates, Peter D. Alexander and Eric M. Gese