The mission of USDA APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) is to provide federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts to allow people and wildlife to coexist. Wildlife Services conducts program delivery, research, and other activities through its regional and state offices, the National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), its field stations, as well as through its national programs.

2004

EXPOSURE TIME OF ORAL RABIES VACCINE BAITS RELATIVE TOBAITING DENSITY AND RACCOON POPULATION DENSITY , Bradley F. Blackwell

EFFICACY OF AIRCRAFT LANDING LIGHTS IN STIMULATING AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR IN BIRDS, Bradley F. Blackwell and Glen E. Burnhardt

EXPOSURE TIME OF ORAL RABIES VACCINE BAITS RELATIVE TO BAITING DENSITY AND RACCOON POPULATION DENSITY, Bradley F. Blackwell, Thomas W. Seamans, Randolph J. White, Zachary J. Patton, Rachel M. Bush, and Jonathan D. Cepek

Evaluating Population Management Scenarios: Crunching the Numbers before Going to the Field, Bradley F. Blackwell, Brian E. Washburn, and Michael J. Begier

Managing Wolf Depredation in the United States: Past, Present, and Future, Stewart W. Breck and Tom Meier

Feasibility of localized management to control white-tailed deer in forest regeneration areas, Tyler A. Campbell, Benjamin R. Laseter, W. Mark Ford, and Karl V. Miller

Diet Composition of Coyotes in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio, Jonathan D. Cepak

Emergency Wildlife Management Response to Protect Evidence Associated with the Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center, New York City, Richard B. Chipman, Richard A. Dollbeer, Kenneth J. Pruesser, Daniel P. Sullivan, Erin D. Losito, Allen L. Gosser, and Thomas W. Seamans

Effects of Aerial Lines on Red-winged Blackbird Nesting, William H. Clark, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

EFFECTS OF AERIAL LINES ON RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD NESTING SUCCESS, William H. Clark, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Double-crested Cormorant Movements in Relation to Aquaculture in Eastern Mississippi and Western Alabama, Brian Dorr, D. Tommy King, Mark E. Tobin, J. Brent Harrel, and Patrick L. Smith

USDA Wildlife Services Image Collection: Creating an Online Database of Digital Images Using CONTENTdmTMSo Rware, Diana L. Dwyer

The e!ect of trap spacing on the capture of brown tree snakes on Guam, Richard M. Engeman and Michael A. Linnell

GOPHERUS BERLANDIERI (Texas Tortoise). MORTALITY., Richard M. Engeman, Michael J. Pipas, and Henry T. Smith

Monetary valuation of rare species and imperiled habitats as a basis for economically evaluating conservation approaches , Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Henry T. Smith, and Bernice Constantin

RELATIONSHIP OF RACCOON ROAD-KILL DATA TO HIGH-DENSITY MARINE TURTLE NESTING, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, and William J.B. Miller

RELATIONSHIP OF RACCOON ROAD-KILL DATA TO HIGH-DENSITY MARINE TURTLE NESTING, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, and William J.B. Miller

Use of roadkill data to index and relate raccoon activity at a heavily predated, high-density marine turtle nesting beach, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, and William J.B. Miller

The amount and economic cost of feral swine damage to the last remnant of a basin marsh system in Florida, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, Robert Severson, Mary Ann Severson, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bernice Constantin, and Daniel Griffin

Damage reduction estimates and benefit-cost ratios for feral swine control from the last remnant of a basin marsh system in Florida, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, Robert Severson, Mary Ann Severson, John Woolard, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bernice Constantin, and Daniel Griffin

Predacides for Canid Predation Management, K. A. Fagerstone, J. J. Johnston, and P. J. Savarie

Large-scale Climate and Land Cover Influences on Blackbird Populations in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States and Canada, George M. Forcey, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

INFLUENCES OF LAND USE PATTERNS ON BLACKBIRD ABUNDANCE IN THE PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION OF NORTH DAKOTA, Greg M. Forcey, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Avian Use of Harvested Crop Fields During Spring Migration Through the Southern Drift Plains of North Dakota, Alegra M. Galle, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Avian Use of Harvested Crop Fields During Spring Migration Through the Southern Drift Plains of North Dakota, Alegra M. Galle, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

AVIAN USE OF HARVESTED CROP FIELDS DURING SPRING MIGRATION TRROUGH NORTH DAKOTA, Alegra M. Galle, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

SEASONAL ACTIVITY AREAS OF COYOTES IN THE BEAR RIVER MOUNTAINS OF UTAH AND IDAHO, Glen F. Gantz and Frederick F. Knowlton

Survey and Census Techniques for Canids, E. M. Gese

Central and North America (Nearctic), E. M. Gese and M. Bekoff

Coyotes in Yellowstone National Park: the influence of dominance on foraging, territoriality, and fitness, Eric M. Gese

Serologic Survey for Canine Infectious Diseases among Sympatric Swift Foxes (Vulpes velox) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Southeastern Colorado, Eric M. Gese, Seija M. Karki, Mead L. Klavetter, Edward R. Schauster, and Ann M. Kitchen

Evaluation of a deer-activated bioacoustic frightening device for reducing deer damage in cornfields, Jason M. Gildorf, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Greg M. Clements, Erin E. Blankenship, and Richard M. Engeman

Propane exploders and Electronic Guards were ineffective at reducing deer damage in cornfields, Jason M. Gilsdorf, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Erin E. Blankenship, and Richard M. Engeman

Evaluation of a deer-activated bio-acoustic frightening device for reducing deer damage in cornfields, Jason M. Gilsdorf, Scott E. Hyngstrom, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Greg M. Clements, Erin E. Blankenship, and Richard M. Engeman

Biology and Culture of Channel Catfish, James F. Glahn and D. Tommy King

Bird Depredation, James F. Glahn and D. Tommy King

Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of [14C]-3-Chloro-4 methylaniline Hydrochloride in Two Species of Birds Following a Single Oral Dose, David A. Goldade, John D. Tessari, and John J. Johnston

Could blackbird mortality from avicide DRC-1339 contribute to avian botulism outbreaks in North Dakota?, Diana R. Goldberg, Michael D. Samuel, Tonie E. Rocke, Kevin M. Johnson, and George M. Linz

TRANSMISSION OF NEOSPORA CANINUM BETWEEN WILD AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS, L.F.P. Gondim, M.M. McAllister, N.E. Mateus-Pinilla, W.C. Pitt, L. D. Mech, and M.E. Nelson

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are definitive hosts of Neospora caninum, Luis F.P. Gondim, Milton M. McAllister, William C. Pitt, and Doris E. Zemlicka

RESPONSE OF DOGS TO A GNRH-KLH CONJUGATE CONTRACEPTIVE VACCINE ADJUVANTED WITH ADJUVAC, Brenda Griffin, Baker Henry, Welles Elizabeth, Lowell Miller, and Kathleen Fagerstone

The History of Federal and Cooperative Animal Damage Control, Donald W. Hawthorne

Avoidance of plant secondary compounds by European starlings: citronellyls, Arla G. Hile

Linear Modeling of Blackbird Populations Breeding in Central North America, H. Jeffrey Homan, Linda B. Penry, and George M. Linz

Spring Dispersal Patterns of Red-winged Blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniceus, staging in Eastern South Dakota, H.J. Homan, G. M. Linz, Richard M. Engeman, and L.B. Penry

Status and Management of Coyote Depredations in the Eastern United States, John M. Houben

Weight and Age of Coyotes Captured in Virginia, John M. Houben and J. Russell Mason

Indirect Effects of Carnivores on Livestock Foraging Behavior and Production, Larry D. Howery and Thomas J. DeLiberto

Vulture-Cattle Interactions at a Central Florida Ranch, John S. Humphrey, Eric A. TIllman, and Michael L. Avery

Selective Targeting of Alpha Coyotes to Stop Sheep Depredation, M. M. Jaeger

Increasing acceptance and efficacy of zinc phosphide rodenticide baits via modification of the carbohydrate profile, J. J. Johnston, D. L. Nolte, B. A. Kimball, K. R. Perry, and J. C. Hurley

Book Review of Chromatography of Natural, Treated and Waste Waters Edited by T. R. Crompton, John J. Johnston

PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SNAILS, SLUGS, AND ENDANGERED HONEYCREEPERS IN DIPHACINONE RODENTICIDE BAITED AREAS ON HAWAII. USA, John J. Johnston, William C. Pitt, Robert T. Sugihara, John D. Eisemann, Thomas M. Primus, Melvin J. Holmes, Joe Crocker, and Andy Hart

Oral Rabies Vaccine (ORV) Bait Uptake by Striped Skunks: Preliminary Results, Susan M. Jojola, Stacie J. Robinson, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Habitat associations of gopher tortoise burrows on industrial timberlands, Jeanne C. Jones and Brian S. Dorr

Economic Impact of Sheep Predation in the United States, Keithly Jones

Adult male emigration and a female-based social organization in swift foxes, Vulpes velox, Jan F. Kamler, Warren B. Ballard, Eric M. Gese, Robert L. Harrison, Seija Karki, and Kevin Mote

Dispersal characteristics of swift foxes, J.F. Kamler, Warren B. Ballard, Eric M. Gese, R.L. Harrison, and Seija M. Karki

Evaluation of Three Contraceptive Approaches for Population Control in Wild Horses, Gary Killian, Lowell A. Miller, Nancy K. Diehl, Jack Rhyan, and David Thain

Single-Point Calibration with a Non-linear Detector: Carbohydrate Analysis of Conifer Needles by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography–Evaporative Light-Scattering Detection (HIC–ELSD), Bruce A. Kimball, Wendy M. Arjo, and John J. Johnston

Chromatographic Analysis of Sagebrush Monoterpenes in Blood Plasma, Bruce A. Kimball, Luthando E. Dziba, John J. Johnston, and Frederick D. Provenza

Herbivore experience with plant defense compounds influences acquisition of new flavor aversions, Bruce A. Kimball and Dale L. Nolte

Calcium responses of chicken trigeminal ganglion neurons to methyl anthranilate and capsaicin, Michael L. Kirifides, Michael P. Kurnellas, Larry Clark, and Bruce P. Bryant

Alligators as West Nile Virus Amplifiers, Kaci Klenk, Jamie Snow, Katrina Morgan, Richard Bowen, Michael Stephens, Falacia Foster, Paul Gordy, Susan Beckett, Nicholas Komar, Duane Gubler, and Michael Bunning

GnRH immunocontraception of male cats, Julie K. Levy, Lowell A. Miller, P. Cynda Crawford, Jerry W. Ritchey, Megan K. Ross, and Kathleen A. Fagerstone

MANAGEMENT OF CATTAIL (TYPHA SPP.) STANDS WITH GLYPHOSATE TO DISPERSE BLACKBIRDS , George M. Linz, H. Jeffrey Homan, Ryan L. Wimberly, Philip Mastrangelo, and William J. Bleier

Attractiveness of brown rice baits to non-target birds in harvested corn and soybean fields, George M. Linz, Gregory A. Knutsen, H. Jeffrey Homan, and William J. Bleier

Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots as a Dual-Purpose Wildlife Management Strategy, George M. Linz, Dionn A. Schaaf, Philip Mastrangelo, H. Jeffrey Homan, Linda B. Penry, and William J. Bleier

Evaluation of Registered Sunflower Insecticides as Candidate Blackbird Repellents, George M. Linz, Anthony A. Slowik, Linda B. Penry, and H. Jeffrey Homan

West Nile Virus and Wildlife, Peter P. Marra, Sean Griffing, Carolee Caffrey, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Robert McLean, Christopher Brand, Emi Saito, Alan P. Dupuis, Laura Kramer, and Robert Novak

Keynote Address: Breathing Lessons, J. Russell Mason

Proximate Cues for Ovarian Recrudescence and Ovulation in the Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) Under Laboratory Conditions, Tom Mathies, Elizabeth A. Franklin, and Lowell A. Miller

West Nile Virus: Impact on Crow Populations in the United States, Robert G. McLean

Ninebanded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), Michael T. Mengak

CONTRACEPTION OF BISON BY GnRH VACCINE: A POSSIBLE MEANS OF DECREASING TRANSMISSION OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BISON, Lowell A. Miller, Jack C. Rhyan, and Mark Drew

GonaConTM, a Versatile GnRH Contraceptive for a Large Variety of Pest Animal Problems, Lowell A. Miller, Jack Rhyan, and Gary Killian

Use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite measures in conservation biology research: considerations for application and interpretation, Joshua J. Millspaugh and Brian E. Washburn

Coyote depredation management: current methods and research needs, Brian R. Mitchell, Michael M. Jaegar, and Reginald H. Barrett

Coyote depredation management: current methods and research needs, Brian R. Mitchell, Michael M. Jaeger, and Reginald H. Barrett

Fertility Control of California Ground Squirrels using GnRH Immunocontraception, Paul B. Nash, David K. James, Lucia T. Hui, and Lowell A. Miller

Optimization of ordered distance sampling, Ryan M. Nielson, Robert T. Sugihara, Thomas J. Boardman, and Richard M. Engeman

Prevalence Of Neurotoxic Clostridium Botulinum Type C In The Gastrointestinal Tracts Of Tilapia (Oreochromis Mossambicus) In The Salton Sea, P. P. Nol, T. E. Rocke, K. Gross, and T. M. Yuill

Detection of Clostridium botulinum Type C Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) by Polymerase Chain Reaction, P. Nol, J.L. Williamson, T.E. Rocke, and T.M. Yuill

Effects of Forage Nutritional Quality (Energy and Protein) on Deer Acceptance of Foods Containing Secondary Metabolites, Dale L. Nolte, Bruce A. Kimball, Kelly R. Perry, Juan J. Villalba, and Frederick D. Provenza

Coyote in the Edwards Plateau of Texas — an Update, Gary Nunley

Safety Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 In Black Bears, Steven C. Olsen, Jack Rhyan, T. Gidlewski, Jesse Goff, and W. C. Stoffregen

Embryonic responses to variation in oviductal oxygen in the lizard Sceloporus undulatus from New Jersey and South Carolina, USA, Scott L. Parker, Robin M. Andrews, and Tom Mathies

Evaluation of Different Rice Baits and Chemicals to Improve Efficacy of 2% DRC-1339 to Reduce Blackbird Damage to Rice, Patricia A. Pipas, John L. Cummings, Jerry C. Hurley, and Karen H. Sheffer

Testing Citric Acid Use On Plants, William C. Pitt and Hans Sin

Determination of Acetaminophen Residues in Whole Body Brown Treesnakes, Thomas M. Primus, Dennis J. Kohler, Carol A. Furcolow, Margaret J. Goodall, John J. Johnston, and Peter J. Savarie

Cattail Quantification in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota Regarding Cattail Management for Reduction of Blackbird Sunflower Damage, Scott T. Ralston, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

QUANTIFICATION OF CATTAIL (TYPHA SPP.) IN THE PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION OF NORTH DAKOTA IN RELATION TO BLACKBIRD DAMAGE TO SUNFLOWER, Scott T. Ralston, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Non-target Hazard to Ring-Necked Pheasants from Zinc Phosphide Use in Northern California Agricultural Areas, Craig A. Ramey, Jean B. Bourassa, and Michael S. Furuta

The Role of Bait Manipulation in the Delivery of Oral Rabies Vaccine to Skunks, Stacie J. Robinson, Susan M. Jojola, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Bird Depredations in Uruguayan Vineyards, Ethel N. Rodriguez, Guadalupe Tiscornia, and Mark E. Tobin

AVIAN USE OF ROADSIDE HABITAT IN THE SOUTHERN DRIFT PLAINS OF NORTH DAKOTA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CATTAIL (TYPHA SPP.) MANAGEMENT, Bryan D. Safratowich, George M. Linz, and William J. Bleier

Potential Flotation Devices for Aerial Delivery of Baits to Brown Treesnakes, Peter J. Savarie and Kenneth L. Tope

Operational Field Evaluation of a Plastic Bulb Reservoir as a Tranquilizer Trap Device for Delivering Propiopromazine Hydrochloride to Feral Dogs, Coyotes, and Gray Wolves, Peter J. Savarie, Daniel S. Vice, Layne Bangerter, Kevin Dustin, William J. Paul, Thomas M. Primus, and F. Sherman Blom

Response of Roosting Turkey Vultures to a Vulture Effigy, Thomas W. Seamans

Response of Canada Geese to a Dead Goose Effigy, Thomas W. Seamans and Glen E. Bernhardt