National Wildlife Research Center

NWRC Website

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Fort Collins, CO 80521
tel: (970) 266-6000 fax: (970) 266-6032

Contact: Diana.L.Dwyer@aphis.usda.gov

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the federal institution devoted to resolving problems caused by the interaction of wild animals and society. The Center applies scientific expertise to the development of practical methods to resolve these problems and to maintain the quality of the environments shared with wildlife.

This site contains publications of the NWRC or its staff. Material prepared by employees of the US Government in the course of their official duties cannot be copyrighted.

"The Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management does not necessarily concur, endorse or recommend all of the opinions and/or images contained within these documents. Should you use or rely on the information, techniques and materials provided by the ICWDM, you are responsible for determinations of efficacy and legality of such use and/or reliance, and you will at all times defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska, Utah State University, Cornell University, and Clemson University, their officers, employees and agents against all claims, demands, costs, and expenses arise from your use of or reliance on any information provided in the ICWDM and the Digital Commons. The ICWDM includes these sources for purposes of historical record, completeness and research."

2012

Effects of Intraguild Predation: Evaluating Resource Competiotn Between Two Canid Species With Apparent Niche Separation, Adam J. Kozlowski, Eric M. Gese, and Wendy M. Arjo

A Reassessment of Historical Records of Avian Introductions to Australia: No Case for Propagule Pressure, Michael P. Moulton, Wendell P. Cropper Jr., Linda E. Moulton, Michael L. Avery, and David Peacock

Historical Records Of Passerine Introductions To New Zealand Fail To Support The Propagule Pressure Hypothesis, Michael P. Moulton, Wendell P. Cropper Jr., and Michael L. Avery

Scavenger Community Response to the Removal of a Dominant Scavenger, Z. H. Olson, J. C. Beasley, Travis L. DeVault, and O. E. Rhodes Jr.

2011

Wild Dogma II: The Role And Implications Of Wild Dogma For Wild Dog Management In Australia., Benjamin L. Allen, Richard M. Engeman, and Lee R. Allen

Wild Dogma: An Examination Of Recent "Evidence" For Dingo Regulation Of Invasive Mesopredator Release In Australia., Benjamin L. Allen, Richard M. Engeman, and L. R. Allen

Partitioning Of Anthropogenic Watering Sites By Desert Carnivores., Todd C. Atwood, Tricia L. Fry, and Bruce Leland

Modeling Connectivity of Black Bears in a Desert Sky Island Archipelago, Todd C. Atwood; Julie K. Young; Jon P. Beckmann; Stewart W. Breck; Jennifer A. Fike; Olin Rhodes, Jr.; and Kirby D. Bristow

Hair of the Dog: Obtaining Samples From Coyotes and Wolves Noninvasively, David E. Ausband, Julie Young, Barbara Fannin, Michael S. Mitchell, Jennifer L. Stenglen, Lizette P. Waits, and John A. Shivik

Acetaminophen and Zinc Phosphide For Lethal Management of Invasive Lizards Ctenosaura similis , Michael L. Avery, John Eisemann, Kandy L. Keacher, and Peter J. Savarie

Vulture Flight Behavior and Implications for Aircraft Safety, Michael L. Avery, John S. Humphrey, Trey S. Daughtery, Justin W. Fischer, Michael P. Milleson, Eric A. Tillman, William E. Bruce, and W. David Walter

The Carrot Or The Stick? Evaluation Of Education And Enforcement As Management Tools For Human-Wildlife Conflicts., Sharon Baruch-Mordo, Stewart W. Breck, Kenneth R. Wilson, and John Broderick

Active Use of Coyotes (Canis latrans) To Detect Bovine Tuberculosis In Northeastern Michigan, USA, Are R. Berentsen, Michael R. Dunbar, Shylo R. Johnson, S. Robbe-Austerman, L. Martinez, and R. L. Jones

Interface Between Black-footed Ferret Research And Operational Conservation., Dean E. Biggins, Travis M. Livieri, and Stewart W. Breck

White-Tailed Deer Incidents With U.S. Civil Aircraft, Kirsten M. Biondi, Jerrold L. Belant, James A. Martin, Travis L. Devault, and Guiming Wang

Domestic Calf Mortality And Producer Detection Rates In The Mexican Wolf Recovery Area: Implications For Livestock Management And Carnivore Compensation Schemes., Stewart W. Breck, Bryan M. Kluever, Michael Panasci, John Oakleaf, Terry Johnson, Warren B. Ballard, Larry Howery, and David L. Bergman

Natal Colony Site Fidelity Of Herring Gulls At Sandusky Bay, Ohio., Bruce N. Buckingham and Benjamin Bacak

Absence Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Feral Swine (Sus Scrofa) From The Southern Texas Border Region., Tyler A. Campbell, David B. Long, Luiz R. Bazan, Bruce V. Thomsen, SueLee Robbe-Austerman, Ronald B. Davey, Liza A. Soliz, Seth Swafford, and Kurt C. Vercauteren

Efficacy Of The Boar-Operated-System To Deliver Baits To Feral Swine., Tyler A. Campbell, David B. Long, and Giovanna Massei

Nilgai Antelope In Northern Mexico As A Possible Carrier For Cattle Fever Ticks And Babesia Bovis And Babesia Bigemina., E M. Cardenas-Canales, J. Alfonso Ortega-Santos, Tyler A. Campbell, Zeferino Garcia-Vaquez, Antonio Cantu-Covarrubias, Julio V. Figueroa-Millian, Randy W. Deyoung, David G. Hewitt, and Fred C. Bryant

Rock Pigeon Use Of Livestock Facilities In Northern Colorado: Implications For Improving Farm Bio-Security., James C. Carlson, Larry Clark, Michael F. Antolin, and M. D. Salman

Efficacy Of European Starling Control To Reduce Salmonella Enterica Contamination In A Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation In The Texas Panhandle, James C. Carlson, Richard M. Engeman, Doreene R. Hyatt, Rickey L. Gilliland, Thomas J. DeLiberto, Larry Clark, Michael J. Bodenchuck, and George M. Linz

Diseases and Parasites, Kurt C. Vercauteren and Tyler A. Campbell

2010

Importance of resource selection and social behavior to partitioning of hostile space by sympatric canids, Todd Atwood and Eric Gese

Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons, Michael Avery, Richard M. Engeman, Kandy L. Keacher, John S. Humphrey, William E. Bruce, Tom C. Mathies, and Richard E. Mauldin

An evaluation of three statistical methods used to model resource selection, David M. Baasch, Andrew J. Tyre, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Scott E. Hygnstrom, and Kurt C. Vercauteren

Synchronous monitoring of vulture movements with satellite telemetry and avian radar, Robert C. Beason, J. S. Humphrey, N. E. Myers, and Michael L. Avery

Capture of ungulates in Central Asia using drive nets: advantages and pitfalls illustrated by the Endangered Mongolian saiga Saiga tatarica mongolica, Joel Berger, Kim M. Murray, Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar, Mike R. Dunbar, and Badamjav Lkhagvasuren

Temporal Variation in Terrestrial Invertebrate Consumption by Laughing Gulls in New York, Glen E. Bernhardt, Lisa Kutschbach-Brohl, Brian E. Washburn, Richard Chipman, and Laura Francoeur

Seroprevalence of equine influenza virus in northeast and southern Mexico, B. J. Blitvich, L. A. Ibarra-Juarez, A. J. Cortes-Guzman, J. J. Root, A. B. Franklin, H. J. Sullivan, and I. Fernandez-Salas

Seroprevalence of equine influenza virus in northeast and southern Mexico, B. J. Blitvitch, L. A. Ibarra-Juarez, A. J. Cortes-Guzman, J. J. Root, A. B. Franklin, H. J. Sullivan, and I. Fernandez-Salas

The effect of enclosure type on the behavior and heart rate of captive coyotes, Stacey P. Brummer, Eric M. Gese, and John A. Shivik

Reducing the Risk of Human Exposure to Wildlife Diseases, Tyler A. Campbell

Visitation to Cottonseed Storage Sites by Feral Swine and Evidence of Gossypol Exposure, Tyler A. Campbell, Sarah Bullock, David B. Long, David G. Hewitt, and Michael Dowd

Immunocontraception in male feral swine treated with a recombinant gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine, Tyler A. Campbell, Michelle R. Garcia, Lowell A. Miller, Martha A. Ramirez, David B. Long, Jean-Baptiste Marchand, and Fergal Hill

Feral Swine Behavior Relative to Aerial Gunning in Southern Texas, Tyler Campbell, David Long, and Bruce Leland

Integrity of mating behaviors and seasonal reproduction in coyotes (Canis latrans) following treatment with estradiol benzoate, Debra A. Carlson and Eric M. Gese

Using a Cost-Effectiveness Model to Determine the Applicability of OvoControl G to Manage Nuisance Canada Geese, Joe Caudell, Stephanie Shwiff, and Michael Slater

Kill rates and predation patterns of jaguars (Panthera onca) in the southern Pantanal, Brazil, Sandra M. C. Cavalcanti and Eric M. Gese

Jaguars, Livestock, and People in Brazil: Realities and Perceptions Behind The Conflict, Sandra M. C. Cavalcanti, Silvio Marchini, Alexandra Zimmermann, Eric M. Gese, and David W. Macdonald

Comparison of Endocrine Response to Stress Between Captive-Raised and Wild-Caught Bighorn Sheep, Sarah Coburn, Mo Salman, Jack Rhyan, Thomas Keefe, Matthew McCollum, Keith Aune, Terry Spraker, and Lowell Miller

Refinement of biomarker pentosidine methodology for use on aging birds, Crissa K. Cooey, Jesse A. Fallon, Michael L. Avery, James T. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Falkenstein, and Hillar Klandorf

Management effects on breeding and foraging numbers and movements of double-crested cormorants in the Les Cheneaux Islands, Lake Huron, Michigan, Brian S. Dorr, Tony Aderrnan, Peter H. Butchko, and Scott C. Barras

Evaluation of harassment of migrating double-crested cormorants to limit depredation on selected sport fisheries in Michigan, S. Dorr Brian; Ashley Moerke; Michael Bur; Chuck Bassett; Tony Aderman; Dan Traynor; Russell D. Singleton; Peter H. Butchko; and Jimmy D. Taylor, II

A review of existing and potential New World and Australasian vertebrate pesticides with a rationale for linking use patterns to registration requirements, Charles T. Eason, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, John D. Eisemann, Simon Humphrys, Jeanette R. O’Hare, and Steven J. Lapidge

The economic impacts to commercial farms from invasive monkeys in Puerto Rico, Richard M. Engeman, Jose´ E. Laborde, Bernice U. Constantin, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Parker Hall, Anthony Duffiney, and Freddie Luciano

Review of issues concerning the use of reproductive inhibitors, with particular emphasis on resolving human-wildlife conflicts in North America, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Lowell A. Miller, Gary Killian, and Christi A. Yoder

Review of issues concerning the use of reproductive inhibitors, with particular emphasis on resolving human-wildlife conflicts in North America, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Lowell A. Miller, Gary Killian, and Christi A. Yoder

Eradicating Rats on Lehua Island, Hawaii, with the Help of GIS and GPS, Justin W. Fischer and Peter Dunlevy

Eradicating Rats on Lehua Island, Hawaii, with the Help of GIS and GPS, Justin W. Fischer and Peter Dunlevy

Evaluation of rhodamine B as a biomarker for raccoons, Tricia L. Fry, Todd C. Atwood, and Mike R. Dunbar

Livestock Protection Dogs in the 21st Century: Is an Ancient Tool Relevant to Modern Conservation Challenges?, Thomas M. Gehring, Kurt C. VerCauteren, and Jean-Marc Landry

Increased Abundance and First Breeding Record of the Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) on the Alluvial Plain of Mississippi, Katie C. Hanson, Travis L. DeVault, and Stephen J. Dinsmore

Field Testing Class IIIb Handheld Lasers to Disperse Roosting Blackbirds, H. Jeffrey Homan, Anthony Slowik, Bradley Blackwell, and George Linz

European Starling Preferences for Bait Substrates Used In DRC-1339 Applications, H. Jeffrey Homan USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services’ National Wildlife Research Center, 2110 Miriam Circle, Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501, USA; George Linz; Scott Beckerman; Anthony Duffiney; and Thomas Halstead

On a Quest for Safer Skies: Managing the Growing Threat of Wildlife Hazards to Aviation, Gail Keirn, Jonathon Cepek, Brad Blackwell, and Travis DeVaul

Effects of Aquaculture on Migration and Movement Patterns of Double-Crested Cormorants, D. Tommy King, Bradley Blackwell, and Brian Dorr

Assessment of Bird Damage to Sunflower and Corn in North Dakota, Megan Klosterman, George Linz, Tony Slowik, and William Bleier

Avian Piscivores as Vectors for Myxobolus cerebralis in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Todd M. Koel, Billie L. Kerans, Scott C. Barras, Katie C. Hanson, and John S. Wood

An Evaluation of Diazacon as a Potential Contraceptive in Non-Native Rose-Ringed Parakeets, Mark Lambert, Giovanna Massel, Christi Yoder, and David Cowan

Evaluation of Large, Mobile, Decoy Traps for Managing Blackbird Damage to Ripening Sunflower, George M. Linz, Anthony Slowik, H. Jeffrey Homan, and Robert Byrd

Evaluation of Feral Swine- Specific Feeder Systems, David B. Long, Tyler A. Campbell, and Giovanna Massei

Antibodies to Influenza and West Nile Viruses in Horses in Mexico, M. A. Loroño-Pino, J. A. Farfan-Ale, J. E. Garcia-Rejon, M. Lin, E. Rosado-Paredes, F. I. Puerto, A. Bates, J. J. Root, A. B. Franklin, H. J. Sullivan, and B. J. Blitvich

Contraceptive Efficacy of a Novel Intrauterine Device (IUD) in White-Tailed Deer, Karl D. Malcolm, Timothy R. Van Deelen, David Drake, Darrel J. Kesler, and Kurt C. VerCauteren

Reproductive Biology of Male Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam, Tom Mathies, John A. Cruz, Valentine A. Lance, and Julie A. Savidge

Acetaminophen as an Oral Toxicant for Nile Monitor Lizards (Varanus niloticus) and Burmese Pythons (Python molurus bivittatus), Richard E. Mauldin and Peter J. Savarie

Seeking a Second Opinion: Uncertainty in Disease Ecology, Brett T. McClintock, James D. Nichols, Larissa L. Bailey, Darryl I. MacKenzie, William. L. Kendall, and Alan B. Franklin

Test of Localized Management for Reducing Deer Browsing in Forest Regeneration Areas, Brad F. Miller, Tyler Campbell, Ben Laseter, W. Mark Ford, and Karl Miller

Fine-Scale Genetic and Social Structuring in a Central Appalachian White-Tailed Deer Herd, Brad F. Miller, Randy W. Deyoung, Tyler A. Campbell, Benjamin R. Laseter, W. Mark Ford, and Karl V. Miller

The Earliest House Sparrow Introductions to North America, Michael P. Moulton, Wendell P. Cropper Jr., Michael L. Avery, and Linda E. Moulton

A Silent Enzootic of an Orthopoxvirus in Ghana, West Africa: Evidence for Multi-Species Involvement in the Absence of Widespread Human Disease, Mary G. Reynolds, Darin S. Carroll, Victoria A. Olson, Christine Hughes, Jack Galley, Anna Likos, Joel M. Montgomery, Richard Suu-Ire, Mubarak O. Kwasi, J. Jeffrey Root, Zach Braden, Jason Abel, Cody Clemmons, Russell Regnery, Kevin Karem, and Inger K. Damon

Potential Economic Damage From Introduction of Brown Tree Snakes, Boiga Irregularis (Reptilia: Colubridae), to The Islands Of Hawai‘i, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Karen Gebhardt, Katy N. Kirkpatrick, and Steven S. Shwiff

The Versatility of Graded Acoustic Measures in Classification of Predation Threats by the Tufted Titmouse Baeolophus bicolor: Exploring a Mixed Framework for Threat Communication, Kathryn E. Sieving, Stacia A. Hetrick, and Michael L. Avery

Host-Specificity of Myxoma Virus: Pathogenesis of South American and North American Strains of Myxoma Virus in Two North American Lagomorph Species, L. Silvers, D. Barnard, F. Knowlton, B. Inglis, A. Labudovic, M.K. Holland, P.A. Janssens, B.H. van Leeuwen, and P.J. Kerr

Assessment of Woven Wire for Reducing Predation on Red-Winged Blackbird Nests, Anthony A. Slowik, George M. Linz, and H. Jeffrey Homan

Evaluation of Christmas Bird Counts and Landscape Factors as Indicators of Local Blackbird and European Starling Winter Roosts, Matthew Strassburg, George Linz, and William Bleier

Polyurea Elastomer Protects Utility Pole Crossarms From Damage by Pileated Woodpeckers, Shelagh Tupper, William Andelt, John Cummings, Charles Weisner, and Richard Harness

Increased Risk of Chronic Wasting Disease in Rocky Mountain Elk Associated With Decreased Magnesium and Increased Manganese in Brain Tissue, Stephen N. White, Katherine I. O’Rourke, Thomas Gidlewski, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michelle R. Mousel, Gregory E. Phillips, and Terry R. Spraker

Epizootiologic Survey of Mycobacterium Bovis in Wildlife and Farm Environments in Northern Michigan, Gary Witmer, Amanda E. Fine, James Gionfriddo, Michael Pipas, Kirk Shively, Kim Piccolo, and Patrick Burke

Potential Attractants for Detecting and Removing Invading Gambian Giant Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus), Gary Witmer, Nathan Snow, and Patrick Burke

2009

Ecological correlates of risk and incidence of West Nile virus in the United States, Brian F. Allan, R. Brian Langerhans, Wade A. Ryberg, William J. Landesman, Nicholas W. Griffin, Rachael S. Katz, Brad J. Oberle, Michele R. Schutzenhofer, Kristina N. Smyth, Annabelle de St. Maurice, Larry Clark, Kevin R. Crooks, Daniel E. Hernandez, Robert G. McLean, Richard S. Ostfeld, and Jonathan M. Chase

Spatial Ecology of Raccoons Related to Cattle and Bovine Tuberculosis in Northeastern Michigan, Todd C. Atwood, Thomas J. Deliberto, Holly J. Smith, Justin S. Stevenson, and Kurt C. Vercauteren

Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System, Todd C. Atwood, Eric Gese, and Kyran Kunkel

Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise), Ctenosaura similis (Gray's Spiny-Tailed Iguana) Predation, Michael L. Avery, Eric Tillman, and Kenneth Krysko

Effects of a synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist, leuprolide, on rut-associated events in male red deer, G. K. Barrell, S. C. T. Schaafsma, M. J. Ridgway, M. Wellby, and L. A. Miller

A Tool Box Half Full: How Social Science can Help Solve Human–Wildlife Conflict, Sharon Baruch-Mordo, Kenneth R. Wilson, John Broderick, and Stewart W. Breck

Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 5. Eleutherodactylus coqui, the Coqui Frog (Anura: Leptodactylidae), Karen H. Beard, William C. Pitt, and Emily A. Price

No adverse effects of simultaneous vaccination with the immunocontraceptive GonaConTM and a commercial rabies vaccine on rabies virus neutralizing antibody production in dogs, Scott C. Bender, David L. Bergman, Krista M. Wenning, Lowell A. Miller, Charles E. Rupprecht, Dennis Slate, and Felix R. Jackson

Dogs Gone Wild: Feral Dog Damage in the United States, David Bergman, Stewart Breck, and Scott Bender

Wildlife collisions with aircraft: A missing component of land-use planning for airports, Bradley F. Blackwell, Travis L. DeVault, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, and Richard A. Dolbeer

Avian Visual System Configuration and Behavioural Response to Object Approach, Bradley Blackwell, Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, Thomas Seamans, and Tracy Dolan

Enhancing the Perceived Threat of Vehicle Approach to Deer, Bradley Blackwell and Thomas Seamans

Richard A. Dolbeer: scientist, innovator, manager, and mentor, Bradley F. Blackwelll and Travis L. DeVault

Avian visual system configuration and behavioural response to object approach, Bradley F. Blackwelll, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Thomas W. Seamans, and Tracy Dolan

Selective Foraging For Anthropogenic Resources By Black Bears: Minivans In Yosemite National Park, Stewart W. Breck, Nathan Lance, and Victoria Seher

Evaluation of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate as a Blackbird Wetting Agent, Robert Byrd, John Cummings, Shelagh Tupper, and John Eisemann

Las enfermedades del venado cola blanca en Norteamérica: situación actual y desafíos., Tyler A. Campbell

Feral swine damage and damage management in forested ecosystems, Tyler A. Campbell and David B. Long

Strawberry-Flavored Baits for Pharmaceutical Delivery to Feral Swine, Tyler Campbell and David B. Long

Influence of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone on seasonal reproductive behavior of the coyote (Canis latrans), D.A. Carlson and E.M. Gese